Day 9 - dystocia, retained foetal membranes, examination of the postpartum mare, problems of involution, foal heat

Question 1

When is umbilical cord abnormalities most common?

Answer 1

2nd trimester

Question 2

Best combo of sedation in foaling

Answer 2

Xylasine + lidocaine

or alone: acetylpromazine, xylazine

Question 3

Stage 1 (1-4 hr)

Answer 3

− Foal in dorsopubic (ventral) position but FOAL ROTATES → dorsoilial (lateral) position → dorsosacral (dorsal) position
− If rotation is not complete it can lead to dystocia!

Question 4

Stage II - anterior position

Answer 4

Normal case: anterior presentation, dorsal position with head and forelimbs extended
Abnormal:
▪ Incomplete elbow extension
▪ Dog sitting posture
▪ Fetal oversize

Question 5

Stage 2 abnormalities

Answer 5

Foot nape posture
Carpal flexion posture
Head and neck flexion
Ventral deviation of the head
Shoulder flexion

Question 6

Abnormalities of stage II - posterior positions

Answer 6

Hock flexion
Bilateral hip flexion
Transverse presentation

Question 7

Hydrops of the fetal membranes - Tx

Answer 7

2 forms: Hydrallantois and Hydramnios
in last trimester

Induce parturition with PGF2a (usually with oxytocin, but not here!)

Question 8

1: placenta (allanto-chorion) was not expelled within 3 h., no delivery assistance - Tx

Answer 8

Oxytocine, careful with dosis as it can give colic when given too close to parturition

Question 9

2: placenta (allanto-chorion) was not expelled within 3 h., with assisted delivery or dystocia - Tx

Answer 9

1) Infusion of the chorioallantoic sac (uterine flushing)
a. Clear water
b. Sterile nasogastric tube
c. Clear pump
d. Betadine solution 1% (tea color)

2) Oxytocin every 1-2 hours (can be combined with Ca)

Question 10

3. Placenta has been retained for 6-8 hours - Tx

Answer 10

Uterine flushing (!)
Oxytocine, systemic AB
NSAIDS
Tetanus
Fluid therapy

Question 11

Toxic metritis - Tx

Answer 11

Retained fetal membrane, placental pieces, Gr-

Penicillin, NSAID, heparin (laminitis), vasodilators (for laminitis, acetylpromazine maleate), uterine lavage, oxytocin