Dani - ch 7

Question 1

______: the replacement of a damaged tissue by a new healthy one

Answer 1

repair

Question 2

____: replacement of injured cells by new parenchymal cells of the same type by division of adjacent ones

Answer 2

regeneration (restitution)

Question 3

____: replacement of lost tissue by scar formation

Answer 3

organization

Question 4

cells of the body can be divided into 3 groups according to their regenerative capacity

Answer 4

labile
stable
permanent

Question 5

labile cells: normally divide actively throughout life to replace continually lost cells:

• ___ ___ cells
• ___ cells of gut mucosa
• ____ stem cells

Answer 5

surface epithelial
crypt
hematopoietic

Question 6

labile cells: following injury, surviving cells proliferate rapidly to ____ lost ones –> ___-___ state

Answer 6

replace

pre-injury

Question 7

stable cells:

long life span –> very ___ rate of divisioin

Answer 7

slow

Question 8

stable cells:

- they remain in ___ phase for long periods, retain capacity to enter the ___ cycle when needed

Answer 8

intermitotic

mitotic

Question 9

stable cells:
replace damaged cell
- ___ cells of solid organs
___ cells

Answer 9

parenchymal

mesenchymal

Question 10

healing in tissues with stable cells occurs either by ____ or ____ ____

Answer 10

regeneration

scar formation

Question 11

regeneration

- when enough ____ parenchymal cells remain + intact CT ____ in area of necrosis

Answer 11

viable

framework

Question 12

scar formation

- when CT framework is ___

Answer 12

destroyed

Question 13

permanent cells: no capacity for ___ division in post natal life

Answer 13

mitotic

Question 14

3 types of permanent cells

Answer 14

neurons
myocardial cells
skeletal muscle cells

Question 15

injury to tissue with permanent cells is always followed by a ___ formation (no ___ is possible)

Answer 15

scar

regeneration

Question 16

scar formation

- replacement of injured area by a ___ form of tissue

Answer 16

simpler

Question 17

scar formation

- loops of capillaries supported by ___

Answer 17

myofibroblasts

Question 18

scar formation

- ____ cells may be present

Answer 18

inflammation

Question 19

scar formation

- actively contracts to ___ would size, may result in ____

Answer 19

decrease

stricture

Question 20

5 phases of scar formation

Answer 20

preparation
growth
maturation
contraction
strengthening

Question 21

phase 1 of scar formation

- preparation of the area by removal of ___ tissue

Answer 21

necrotic

Question 22

phase 2 of scar formation

- growth of highly vascularized CT from surrounding ___ tissue

Answer 22

healthy

Question 23

phase 2 of scar formation (growth)

- ____ cells proliferate as solid buds, come canalized into new ___

Answer 23

endothelial

capillaries

Question 24

phase 2 of scar formation (growth)
- ___ are stimulated to proliferate and secrete: collagen, elastic and reticular fibes, x-cellular matrix and formation of actin and myosin

Answer 24

fibroblasts

Question 25

phase 2 of scar formation (growth) - fibronectin - glycoprotein derived from plasm promotes ___ and is ____ to fibroblasts and promotes organization

Answer 25

angiogenesis | chemotactic

Question 26

phase 3 of scar formation | - maturation of granulation tissue is ____, ___ and deep red because of new ___

Answer 26

soft fleshy capillaries

Question 27

phase 3 of scar formation (maturation) | - collagen content progressively ___ whereas capillaries and fibroblasts ____

Answer 27

increase | decrease

Question 28

phase 4 of scar formation | - contraction ___ size of scar

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

phase 4 of scar formation (contraction) | - early due to active contraction of ___ in the myofibroblasts, later due to collagen molecule itself

Answer 29

actomyosin

Question 30

phase 5 of scar formation | - strenghtening due to ___ formation of collagen and changes in collagen type

Answer 30

increase

Question 31

3 types of skin wounds

Answer 31

abrasion incision and laceration wounds with epidermal defect

Question 32

abrasion: - removal of ___ part of epidermis - intact basal cell layer (___ cells) regenerate the epithelium ____ scarring

Answer 32

superficial labile without

Question 33

incision (cut) and laveration (tear) - ___ and ___ are involved - healing is ___: no ___, ___ __ and minimal ___ ___

Answer 33

``` epidermis dermis rapid infection foreign materials tissue loss ```

Question 34

wound with epiermal defect - loss of large areas of ___ and ___ of underlying dermis - phase of inflammation precedes the repair = ___ intention

Answer 34

epidermis necrosis 2nd

Question 35

healing is rapid = ____ intention

Answer 35

first

Question 36

phase of inflammation precedes the repair = ___ intention

Answer 36

2nd

Question 37

2 types of wound healing

Answer 37

first intention | second intention

Question 38

first intention healing - __ wounds - edges in __ approsition - ___-___ - minimal __ ___

Answer 38

clean close non-infected tissue loss

Question 39

first intention healing | - ___ gap in dermis and epidermis fills with ___ blood forming a ___ that seals the wound opening

Answer 39

small clotted scar

Question 40

first intention healing | - cells of the basal layer at edges of the would begin to ___ --> continuity of epidermis is __-___ hours

Answer 40

divide | 24-48

Question 41

first intention healing | - wound in the adjacent dermis heals by ___ formation; scar is initially __ because of vascularity, gradually turns ____

Answer 41

scar pink white

Question 42

first intention healing - tensile strength of the young scar is poor at first and increases to ___% of normal skin after 1 month and ___% after 4 months

Answer 42

40 | 80

Question 43

second intention healing - extensive ___ - secondary ___ - ____ body - ___ wounds - ____

Answer 43

``` necrosis infection foreign large inflammation ```

Question 44

second intention healing - healing is similar to first but - - needs more ___ - - much more ___ tissue - - bigger ___

Answer 44

time granulation scar

Question 45

5 causes of defective wound healing - failure of synthesis of __ fibers - excessive ___ production - ____ factors - ___ ___ - excessive levels of ____

Answer 45

``` collagen collagen local diabetes mellitus corticosteroids ```

Question 46

defective wound healing | failure of synthesis of collagen fibers due to a deficiency of ___ and ___ ___

Answer 46

protein | vit C

Question 47

___-___ syndrome: - inherited disease - deficiency of enzymes involved in collagen synthesis --> abnormal collagen

Answer 47

ehlers-danlos

Question 48

ehlers-danlos syndrome: - ___ wound healing - ___ skin - ___ elasticity of skin - ___ bruisability - ____ of joints

Answer 48

``` impaired fragile increased easy hyperextensibility ```

Question 49

defective wound healing: excessive collagen production: - nodular masses of collagen (___) at site of skin ___

Answer 49

keloids | injury

Question 50

keloids common in ___ and ___ ___

Answer 50

blacks | familial tendency

Question 51

local factors that affect wound healing - ___ body - ___ tissue - ___, ___ formation - abnormal blood supply as ___ or impaired ___ drainage

Answer 51

foreign necrotic infection, abscess ischemia; venous

Question 52

diabetes mellitus - ___ blood supply - ___ susceptibility to infection

Answer 52

decreased | increased

Question 53

high level of corticosteroids - interfere with ___ - ___ AA metabolites - ___ collagen formation

Answer 53

phagocytosis decrease decrease

Question 54

platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) - proliferation of ___ - ___ wound healing

Answer 54

fibroblasts | enhances

Question 55

epithelial growth factor (EGF) | - proliferation of ___ cells and ___

Answer 55

epithelial | fibroblasts

Question 56

IL-1 and TNF - ___ for fibroblasts - ___ collagen synthesis - fibrogenic ___

Answer 56

chemotactic increase cytokines

Question 57

thombin | - ___ mitosis

Answer 57

fibroblast