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T3- Patho unit 1 > Dani - ch 7 > Flashcards

Dani - ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

______: the replacement of a damaged tissue by a new healthy one

A

repair

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2
Q

____: replacement of injured cells by new parenchymal cells of the same type by division of adjacent ones

A

regeneration (restitution)

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3
Q

____: replacement of lost tissue by scar formation

A

organization

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4
Q

cells of the body can be divided into 3 groups according to their regenerative capacity

A

labile
stable
permanent

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5
Q

labile cells: normally divide actively throughout life to replace continually lost cells:

  • ___ ___ cells
  • ___ cells of gut mucosa
  • ____ stem cells
A

surface epithelial
crypt
hematopoietic

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6
Q

labile cells: following injury, surviving cells proliferate rapidly to ____ lost ones –> ___-___ state

A

replace

pre-injury

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7
Q

stable cells:

long life span –> very ___ rate of divisioin

A

slow

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8
Q

stable cells:

- they remain in ___ phase for long periods, retain capacity to enter the ___ cycle when needed

A

intermitotic

mitotic

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9
Q

stable cells:
replace damaged cell
- ___ cells of solid organs
___ cells

A

parenchymal

mesenchymal

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10
Q

healing in tissues with stable cells occurs either by ____ or ____ ____

A

regeneration

scar formation

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11
Q

regeneration

- when enough ____ parenchymal cells remain + intact CT ____ in area of necrosis

A

viable

framework

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12
Q

scar formation

- when CT framework is ___

A

destroyed

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13
Q

permanent cells: no capacity for ___ division in post natal life

A

mitotic

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14
Q

3 types of permanent cells

A

neurons
myocardial cells
skeletal muscle cells

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15
Q

injury to tissue with permanent cells is always followed by a ___ formation (no ___ is possible)

A

scar

regeneration

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16
Q

scar formation

- replacement of injured area by a ___ form of tissue

A

simpler

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17
Q

scar formation

- loops of capillaries supported by ___

A

myofibroblasts

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18
Q

scar formation

- ____ cells may be present

A

inflammation

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19
Q

scar formation

- actively contracts to ___ would size, may result in ____

A

decrease

stricture

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20
Q

5 phases of scar formation

A 
preparation
growth
maturation
contraction
strengthening
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21
Q

phase 1 of scar formation

- preparation of the area by removal of ___ tissue

A

necrotic

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22
Q

phase 2 of scar formation

- growth of highly vascularized CT from surrounding ___ tissue

A

healthy

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23
Q

phase 2 of scar formation (growth)

- ____ cells proliferate as solid buds, come canalized into new ___

A

endothelial

capillaries

24
Q

phase 2 of scar formation (growth)
- ___ are stimulated to proliferate and secrete: collagen, elastic and reticular fibes, x-cellular matrix and formation of actin and myosin

A

fibroblasts

25
Q

phase 2 of scar formation (growth)

  • fibronectin
  • glycoprotein derived from plasm promotes ___ and is ____ to fibroblasts and promotes organization
A

angiogenesis

chemotactic

26
Q

phase 3 of scar formation

- maturation of granulation tissue is ____, ___ and deep red because of new ___

A

soft
fleshy
capillaries

27
Q

phase 3 of scar formation (maturation)

- collagen content progressively ___ whereas capillaries and fibroblasts ____

A

increase

decrease

28
Q

phase 4 of scar formation

- contraction ___ size of scar

A

decreases

29
Q

phase 4 of scar formation (contraction)

- early due to active contraction of ___ in the myofibroblasts, later due to collagen molecule itself

A

actomyosin

30
Q

phase 5 of scar formation

- strenghtening due to ___ formation of collagen and changes in collagen type

A

increase

31
Q

3 types of skin wounds

A

abrasion
incision and laceration
wounds with epidermal defect

32
Q

abrasion:
- removal of ___ part of epidermis
- intact basal cell layer (___ cells) regenerate the epithelium ____ scarring

A

superficial
labile
without

33
Q

incision (cut) and laveration (tear)

  • ___ and ___ are involved
  • healing is ___: no ___, ___ __ and minimal ___ ___
A 
epidermis
dermis
rapid
infection
foreign materials
tissue loss
34
Q

wound with epiermal defect

  • loss of large areas of ___ and ___ of underlying dermis
  • phase of inflammation precedes the repair = ___ intention
A

epidermis
necrosis
2nd

35
Q

healing is rapid = ____ intention

A

first

36
Q

phase of inflammation precedes the repair = ___ intention

A

2nd

37
Q

2 types of wound healing

A

first intention

second intention

38
Q

first intention healing

  • __ wounds
  • edges in __ approsition
  • ___-___
  • minimal __ ___
A

clean
close
non-infected
tissue loss

39
Q

first intention healing

- ___ gap in dermis and epidermis fills with ___ blood forming a ___ that seals the wound opening

A

small
clotted
scar

40
Q

first intention healing

- cells of the basal layer at edges of the would begin to ___ –> continuity of epidermis is __-___ hours

A

divide

24-48

41
Q

first intention healing

- wound in the adjacent dermis heals by ___ formation; scar is initially __ because of vascularity, gradually turns ____

A

scar
pink
white

42
Q

first intention healing
- tensile strength of the young scar is poor at first and increases to ___% of normal skin after 1 month and ___% after 4 months

A

40

80

43
Q

second intention healing

  • extensive ___
  • secondary ___
  • ____ body
  • ___ wounds
  • ____
A 
necrosis
infection
foreign
large
inflammation
44
Q

second intention healing

  • healing is similar to first but
    • needs more ___
    • much more ___ tissue
    • bigger ___
A

time
granulation
scar

45
Q

5 causes of defective wound healing

  • failure of synthesis of __ fibers
  • excessive ___ production
  • ____ factors
  • ___ ___
  • excessive levels of ____
A 
collagen
collagen
local
diabetes mellitus
corticosteroids
46
Q

defective wound healing

failure of synthesis of collagen fibers due to a deficiency of ___ and ___ ___

A

protein

vit C

47
Q

___-___ syndrome:

  • inherited disease
  • deficiency of enzymes involved in collagen synthesis –> abnormal collagen
A

ehlers-danlos

48
Q

ehlers-danlos syndrome:

  • ___ wound healing
  • ___ skin
  • ___ elasticity of skin
  • ___ bruisability
  • ____ of joints
A 
impaired
fragile
increased
easy
hyperextensibility
49
Q

defective wound healing:
excessive collagen production:
- nodular masses of collagen (___) at site of skin ___

A

keloids

injury

50
Q

keloids common in ___ and ___ ___

A

blacks

familial tendency

51
Q

local factors that affect wound healing

  • ___ body
  • ___ tissue
  • ___, ___ formation
  • abnormal blood supply as ___ or impaired ___ drainage
A

foreign
necrotic
infection, abscess
ischemia; venous

52
Q

diabetes mellitus

  • ___ blood supply
  • ___ susceptibility to infection
A

decreased

increased

53
Q

high level of corticosteroids

  • interfere with ___
  • ___ AA metabolites
  • ___ collagen formation
A

phagocytosis
decrease
decrease

54
Q

platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

  • proliferation of ___
  • ___ wound healing
A

fibroblasts

enhances

55
Q

epithelial growth factor (EGF)

- proliferation of ___ cells and ___

A

epithelial

fibroblasts

56
Q

IL-1 and TNF

  • ___ for fibroblasts
  • ___ collagen synthesis
  • fibrogenic ___
A

chemotactic
increase
cytokines

57
Q

thombin

- ___ mitosis

A

fibroblast

T3- Patho unit 1 (14 decks)

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