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T3- Patho unit 1 > 1. wk 2 Celluar Rxn to injury (f) > Flashcards

1. wk 2 Celluar Rxn to injury (f) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are three irriversable changes that occur to the cell membrane that is irriversable

A
  1. damage to the plasma membrane- loss of enzy, co-enzy, and RNA
  2. vacuolization of mitochondria- has fluid inside therefore looking empty
  3. release of lysosomal enzymes- digest cytoplasm
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2
Q

coagulative necrosis causes ____ to the ribosome

A

disaggregated

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3
Q

coagulative necrosis causes ___ & ___ to the nucleus

A
  1. condensed chromatin

2. shriveled membrane

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4
Q

coagulative necrossi causes ____ & ____ to the mitoch.

A

swelling & calcification

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5
Q

_____: snall dense nucleus

A

pyknosis

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6
Q

_____: fragmentation of the nucleus

A

karyorrhexis

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7
Q

_____: dissolution of nucleus by lysosomal enzymes

A

karyolysis

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8
Q

Damage of the nucleus can cause (3) irriversable conditions

A

pyknosis
karyorrhexis
karyolysis

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9
Q

during early necrotic cells conditions what (3) c.c. are seen within the cell

A
  1. increase cytoplasmic eosinophilia
  2. loss of cytoplasmic RNA
  3. Nucleus bc small pyknosis
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10
Q

______: death of group of cel;s within a living body caused by injurious agent

A

necrosis

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11
Q

what are three nuclear changes during post-necrosis changes

A
  1. pyknosis
  2. karyorrhexis
  3. karyolysis
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12
Q

_____ is a cytoplasmic change during cell breakdown

A

swollen cytoplasm

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13
Q

_______ is an architectural change during necrosis

A

denaturation

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14
Q

_____ cells preserve the outline of the original tis during denaturation of proteins

A

necrotic cells

cell lysis - will not preserve the structure

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15
Q

cell ______ : the necrotic tis appears without structure during enzymatic digestion

A

cell lysis

necrotic cells- will keep the structure

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16
Q

What is the most common type of necrosis

A

coagulative necrosis

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17
Q

***coagulative necrosis occurs in all areas of the body except ____ &____

A

brain & abscesses

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18
Q

What is the cause of coagulative necrosis

A

ischemia (lack of O2)

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19
Q

Mechanism of coagulative necrosis is cell injury that causes intracellular ____

A

acidosis

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20
Q

There is inactivation of _____ during coagulative necrosis. Therefore, the cell will still maintain it’s shape

A

lysosomal enzymes

  • there is denaturation of cytoplasmic protein
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21
Q

a cell that appears pale, firm and swollen has undergone ______ necrosis

A

coagulative necrosis

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22
Q

_____ zone is seen where cells are starting to die but have not quite yet died

A

hemorrhagic zone

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23
Q

_____: means no oxygen

A

anoxic

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24
Q

The body will tx the dying area as a foreign body by:

A

sending more blood to it to cause acute inflam. This seals off the area from the healthy area

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25
c.c.___________: mechanism is cell lysis prevailing over protein denaturation
colliquative (liquefactive) necrosis
26
the necrotic tis of ______ is soft and liquid like
colliquative (liquefactive) necrosis
27
c.c. a stroke is caused by _____ necrosis
colliquative (liquefactive) necrosis
28
an abcess indicates ____ infection
bacterial infection
29
What are two causes of colliquative (liquefactive) necrosis
1. necrotic lesion of brain 2. suppurative inflam. (abscess) - suppurative means pus
30
Cerebral infarction is caused by ____ necrosis
liquefactive necrosis
31
the appearance of ____ necrosis appears cheesy white
caseous necrosis
32
_____ causes caseous necrosis
TB
33
What are the 3 mechanisms of caseous necrosis
1. coagulative necrosis w/ partial liquefaction 2. necrotic cells neither retain their outline or disappear by lysis - (crumbly cheese) 3. fragmented coagulated cell debris
34
caseous necrosis is a combo of ___ & ____ necrosis
coagulative & liquefactive necrosis
35
what is the major characteristic of caseous necrosis
granulomateous inflam
36
Durig caseous necrosis areas of cavitation in the tiss can occur called _____
cystic spaces - the debris can be drained out by the bronchi whe it is in the lungs
37
__________ necrosis is caused by trauma to fatty tis
traumatic fat necrosis
38
traumatic fat necrosis is most prevalent in ___ & ___ tis
breast & subcutaneous tis
39
Mechanism of traumatic fat necrosis
acute infl and fibrosis to the intracellular fat
40
in fibrinoid necrosis there is a lost to the normal structure, it is replaced by ____ material that resembles fibrin
eosinophilic material
41
2 causes of fibrinoid necrosis
1. malignant hypertension 2. autoimmune dx (damage to the wall of blood vessels)
42
(fibrinoid necrosis) malignant hypertension: necrosis of _____ of arterioles
tunica media of arterioles - causes leaakage of plasma protein & deposition of fibrin
43
_____ arthritis is an ex. of fibriod necrosis
rheumatoid arthritis | - breakdown of products of collagen & fibrin
44
_______: mass necrosis of tis due to vascular occlusion followed by putrefaction
gangrene
45
_______ gangrene occurs in the toes and feet due to gradual occlusion of arteries
dry cangrene
46
**dry gangrene is ____ necrosis
coagulative necrosis
47
appearance of dry gangrene is :
dry, shrunken, mummified and black
48
_________: appears btw gangrenous area and adject living tissue
line of demarcation
49
Wet gangrene occurs in ____ injures and ____
crush injuries | ``` intestinal strangulation the venous blood is trapped and can not leave ```
50
___ gangrene appears swollen, moist and black
wet gangrene
51
** there is ____ necrosis in wet gangrene
liquefactive necrosis
52
____ is the name of the bact that causes gas gangrene
clostridium perfringens
53
________: is a condition caused by a contamination of deep wounds involving muscles with clostridium perfringens
gas gangrene
54
upon palpation of a joint with _____ there will be crackling sensation
gas gengrene | bact: clostridium perfringens
55
what is the difference btw apoptosis and necrosis
necrosis: tiss (many cell) death apoptsis: cell death to one cell
56
_____: death of single cells within clusters of other cells
apoptosis
57
**What is the most common cause of cellular injury
hypoxia - ischemia : decrease blood supply - inadequate O2 in blood - loss of O2 carrying capacity in blood
58
brain cells can't survive w/o O2 for more than __-__ mins
3-5 mins
59
myocardial fibers, hepatocytes & renal epithelium can last for __-__ hrs without O2
0.5-2 hours
60
skin and Skeletal M can go without O2 for _____
several hours
61
Hypoxia interferes with aerobic respiration in _____
mitochondria | oxidative phosphorylation & ATP generation
62
During hypoxia there is a loss of ATP dependent NA+/K+ pump this causes : (3)
1. cloudy appearance of swollen cells due to dispersion of cytoplasmic organelles 2. cell membrane shows blunting of microvilli 3. changes in cytoplasmic organelles
63
there is swelling of the _____ during hypoxia
endoplasmic reticulum
64
swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum during hypoxia causes (3):
1. hydropic degeneration : swelling 2. detached ribosomes - decrease protein synthesis 3. ER appears fragmented (myelin figures)
65
an accumulation of ER fragments during hypoxia is called ____
myelin figures
66
Changes in (3) organelles will occur during hypoxia
1. swelling of ER 2. Swelling of Mitochondria: impaired ATP synthesis 3. Swelling of lysosomes
67
Metabolic changes during hypoxia will cause cell to use anaerobic glycolysis. This will cause pyruvate to be reduced to lacate and result in ____
acidosis - denaturing the structural and enzymatic proteins
68
what is the first manifestation of cell injury that will be seen
cellular swelling
69
A vacuole is a _____ inside a cell
a space or a cavity
70
What are (2) non-lethal reversible changes after an injury
1. cellular swelling | 2. fatty changes
71
________: is caused by release of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tis
enzymatic fat necrosis
72
______ are patches formed of necrotic fat cells, calcification, and fibrosis
chalky white patches
73
______: death of single cells within clusters of other cells
apoptosis | necrosis is death of many cells
74
During the apoptotic bodies there is formation of ___ that separate into bodies
blebs
75
**______ are apoptotic bodies by the liver cells
councilman bodies
76
______: What is the most common form of cellular injury
hypoxia
77
(3) causes of Hypoxia
1. ischemia from decrease blood supply 2. inadequate O2 of blood 3. loss of O2 carrying capacity

T3- Patho unit 1 (14 decks)

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