D2.3 SL / HL

Question 1

Universal solvent

Answer 1

a substance that dissolves most chemicals

Question 2

polar

Answer 2

electrons are not shared evenly over the covalent bond and the atoms involved have smallpartial chargesresulting in what are called dipoles

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

substance (molecule) with the ability to dissolve other substances (solutes) to form a solution

Question 4

solute

Answer 4

a substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent

Question 5

solution

Answer 5

a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 6

Solvation

Answer 6

the interaction of a solvent with the dissolved solute

Question 7

solubility

Answer 7

the quality or property of being soluble or solvable

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane

Question 9

semi-permeable membrane

Answer 9

thin biological sheets of material that allow certain molecules to pass through them more easily than others

Question 10

Aquaporin

Answer 10

channel proteins which facilitate the passive diffusion of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes

Question 11

Hypertonic solution

Answer 11

any external solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 12

Hypotonic solution

Answer 12

a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to the cell

Question 13

Isotonic solution

Answer 13

any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 14

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 14

when the forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate, resulting in no observable change in the system

Question 15

percent change

Answer 15

the percent difference between a final and initial value. Find percent change by dividing the difference of values by the initial value

Question 16

isotonic point

Answer 16

where water has not moved into or out of the tissue because the water potential is the same inside the cells as the solution is outside

Question 17

crenation

Answer 17

the formation of uneven notched corners on cells caused by osmosis water loss

Question 18

lysis

Answer 18

the breakdown of a cell caused by damage to its plasma (outer) membrane

Question 19

Contractile vacuole

Answer 19

avacuolein someprotozoanswhichexpelsexcess liquid oncontraction

Question 20

tissue fluid

Answer 20

a fluid that permeates the spaces between individual cells, that is in osmotic contact with the blood and lymph, and that serves in interstitial transport of nutrients and waste

Question 21

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 21

the pressure exerted by a fluid on the walls of a container

Question 22

turgor pressure

Answer 22

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

Question 23

wilt

Answer 23

the loss of rigidity of non-woodyparts of plants

Question 24

plasmolysis

Answer 24

the process of contraction or shrinkage of the protoplasm of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell

Question 25

intravenous line

Answer 25

a soft, flexible tube placed inside a vein, usually in the hand or arm. Health care providers use IV lines to give a person medicine or fluids

Question 26

Extracellular fluid

Answer 26

body fluid that is not contained in cells

Question 27

intracellular fluid

Answer 27

the place where most of the fluid in the body is contained