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24-26 IB Biology Year 1 > B3.1 SL / HL > Flashcards

B3.1 SL / HL Flashcards

1
Q

aerobic respiration

A

a cellular process that utilizes oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules, releasing energy to power cellular activities

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2
Q

Single-cellular organisms

A

an organism that consists of a single cell

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3
Q

Multi-cellular organisms

A

an organism composed of many cells

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4
Q

gas exchange

A

the process where living organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, or in the case of plants, the process of absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis

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5
Q

Gills

A

special organs of some marine organisms that allow them to breathe underwater

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6
Q

lungs

A

spongy, air-filled organs located in the chest that facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Dissolved O2

A

the amount of oxygen gas (O2) that is dissolved in water

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8
Q

ventilation

A

process of the lungs obtaining air by exchanging the contents with the environment

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9
Q

Pharynx

A

a muscular tube located in the neck that serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems

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10
Q

Larynx

A

a cartilaginous organ in the neck that houses the vocal cords

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11
Q

Trachea

A

a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs

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12
Q

C-shaped cartilage

A

the cartilage rings that support the trachea (windpipe)

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13
Q

Bronchi

A

the main airways in the lungs that branch off from the trachea.They carry air from the trachea into the lungs, forming a crucial part of the respiratory system

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14
Q

Bronchioles

A

the small air passages in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli

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15
Q

Alveoli

A

the tiny, microscopic air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood occurs

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16
Q

Ribs

A

the paired bones that make up the bony framework of the chest, also known as the rib cage or thoracic cage

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17
Q

Sternum

A

The longflat bonethat forms the center front of the chest wall

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18
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

a group of muscles located between the ribs in the chest cavity

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19
Q

antagonistic muscle group

A

pairs of muscles that work in opposition to each other to control movement at a joint

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20
Q

Diaphragm

A

a sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

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21
Q

Pleural membrane

A

a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the inner surface of the chest wall

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22
Q

inspiration

A

the process of breathing in, or inhaling air into the lungs

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23
Q

expiration

A

the process of breathing out

24
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

relates to the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas, particularly in the context of the respiratory system.It states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional, meaning an increase in volume leads to a decrease in pressure, and vice versa

25
vacuum
a space devoid of matter, including air or other gases
26
Spirometer
a device used to measure lung capacity and the rate at which air can be inhaled and exhaled
27
Tidal volume
the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal, relaxed breath
28
Inspiratory reserve volume
the additional amount of air that can be inhaled forcefully after a normal breath
29
Expiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after a normal exhalation
30
Vital capacity
the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking a full, deep breath
31
Residual volume
the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation, even after the maximum amount of air has been exhaled
32
collapsed lung
occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse
33
Total lung capacity
the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold after a deep breath in
34
Stomata
tiny pores or openings primarily found on the epidermis of leaves and some stems
35
guard cells
specialized epidermal cells that surround stomata, tiny pores on the leaf surface
36
Waxy cuticle
a protective, water-resistant layer of wax and other compounds found on the outer surface of plant leaves, stems, and other aerial parts
37
Upper epidermis
a single-celled layer on the top surface of a leaf
38
Palisade mesophyll
a layer of elongated, column-shaped cells located beneath the upper epidermis of a leaf
39
Vascular bundle
a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloemon the outside and xylem on the inside
40
xylem
a complex tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
41
phloem
a vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and other organic molecules, primarily from source tissues (like leaves) to sink tissues (like roots, growing parts, or storage organs)
42
Spongy mesophyll
the loosely packed tissue in a leaf that facilitates gas exchange
43
air space
the interconnected, air-filled cavities within the mesophyll tissue of plant leaves
44
Lower epidermis
a single layer of cells on the underside of a leaf
45
plan diagram
a low-magnification drawing that shows the overall distribution of tissues within an organ, such as a root or stem, without depicting individual cells
46
Transpiration
the process where plants release water vapor into the atmosphere, primarily through small pores called stomata on their leaves
47
cohesive force
the attractive force between molecules of the same substance, particularly water
48
Adhesive force
the attraction between molecules of different substances, causing them to stick together
49
capillary action
the spontaneous movement of a liquid (like water) within narrow spaces or through porous materials, driven by the forces of adhesion and cohesion
50
Potometer
a biological apparatus used to measure the rate of water uptake in a plant shoot, which is often used as an indicator of the rate of transpiration
51
Light intensity
the amount of light energy hitting a surface (like a plant leaf) over a specific time period
52
Humidity
the amount of water vapor present in the air
53
stomatal density
the number of stomata (pores on the leaf surface) per unit area of a leaf
54
hydrophytes
plants adapted to thrive in aquatic environments
55
mesophytes
errestrial plants that thrive in environments with moderate water conditions, neither too dry nor too wet
56
xerophytes
a plant adapted to survive in dry or arid environments where water is scarce
57
Field of view (FOV)
the observable area or diameter of the image seen through the microscope lenses

24-26 IB Biology Year 1 (27 decks)

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