B1.2 SL / HL Flashcards
structural protein
proteins that living organisms use to maintain their shape or structural integrity
metabolic protein
denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of proteins by catabolism
Amino acid
organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups
Central chiral carbon atom
‘stereogenic carbons’ or ‘asymmetrical carbon atoms’. Compound 1 has a chiral carbon center, because it is attached to four different groups
amino group
a functional group that consists of a single nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms
carboxylic acid group
any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon (C) atom is bonded to an oxygen (O) atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group (―OH) by a single bond
R-group
a side chain specific to each amino acid that confers particular chemical properties to that amino acid
peptide bond
a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of amino acid 1 and the amino group of amino acid 2
polypeptide
a type of biomolecule that consists of a chain of amino acids linked together bypeptide bonds
Non-essential amino acids
our bodies can produce the amino acid, even if we do not get it from the food we eat
Essential amino acids
cannot be made by the body. As a result, they must come from food
Fibrous proteins
structural or storage proteins that are typically inert and water-insoluble
Globular proteins
spherical (“globe-like”) proteins and are one of the common protein types
Denatured
the unfolding or breaking up of a protein, modifying its standard three-dimensional structure
Disulfide bonds
covalent interactions formed between the sulfur atoms of two cysteine residues
