Cytokines Flashcards
induce expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines to aid in the movement of the leukocytes into the tissue, these ILs will also cause inflammation, acute phase response, and fever
α is predominately cell-associated and β is secreted
IL-1alpha, IL-2beta
used for proliferation and activation of T-cells and stimulation of low affinity IL-2 receptor (CD25) leads to induction of this interleukin and 2Rα chain to generate the high affinity receptor, culminating in potent T-cell proliferation
IL-2
used for stem cell growth/differentiation into the myeloid lineage via this IL alone but in conjunction with this IL differentiates into the lymphoid lineage, as well as mast cell growth
IL-3; IL-7
used for T-cell differentiation (CD4-Th2), B-cell proliferation, differentiation, and antibody production, along with antigen presentation by increasing MHC II expression on macrophages
IL-4
used for eosinophil activation/chemotaxis and involved in allergies, asthma, and helminth infections (parasitic infections)
IL-5
used for acute phase response, differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells and proliferation of plasma cells
IL-6
used for differentiation of stem cells into progenitor B/T-cells and promotes differentiation of memory T-cells
as individuals age, fewer naïve T-cells survive in the thymus and fewer surviving T-cells would lead to less consumption of this IL
IL-7
used for chemotaxis of neutrophils
produced early on in an inflammatory response
IL-8
used as an immunosuppressant on cytokine production/antigen presentation by DCs/macrophages along with attenuating cell-mediated immunity
activates B-cells
IL-10
used for differentiation of CD4 Th1-cells and NK cell activation
IL-12
used to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1,6,8 and TNF-α by mucosal macrophages, epithelium, and endothelium
enhances neutrophil recruitment by stimulating IL-8 production
helps production of other ILs so this is a redundant mechanism
protection against infection, especially bacteria and especially in the respiratory tract
IL-17
acute phase reaction
cytokine expression
cell death (apoptosis) but in general, these activate an early immune response
TNF-alpha
induces IL-1 production by monocytes, macs, lymphocytes; it induces of cell proliferation and differentiation and induces IgA synthesis by plasma cells
important in repair after injury
TGF
induces directed chemotaxis to guide migration of immune cells to sites of injury or infection
chemokines
these interfere with replication and spread of viruses and induce a state of antiviral resistance in uninfected cells
Type I Interferons (IFNs)
