CWC Unit #3 Nov. 14 Quiz Flashcards
Galileo - Who
Italian astronomer, physicist, and polymath
Galileo - When
1564 - 1642
Galileo - Where
Italy
Galileo - Significance
Improved the telescope; had astronomical observations (earth and planets orbit the sun - heliocentric theory); study of motion and classical mechanics
Isaac Newton - Who
English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer
Isaac Newton - When
1642 - 1727
Isaac Newton - Where
England
Isaac Newton - Significance
Discoveries in mechanics, optics, and math; Laws of Motion; Laws of Universal Gravitation; Calculus
Scientific Revolution - What
Period of transformation when traditional scientific beliefs were questioned and a new framework and understanding was put into place
Scientific Revolution - When
late 16th century
Scientific Revolution - Where
Europe
Scientific Revolution - Significance
birth of modern science, laid groundwork for the enlightenment
Immanuel Kant - Who
German philosopher
Immanuel Kant - When
1724 - 1804
Immanuel Kant - Where
Germany
Immanuel Kant - Significance
senses bring in data, reason categorizes data; sources of immaturity - laziness, cowardice
The Enlightenment - What
intellectual and cultural movement
The Enlightenment - When
Late 17th century
The Enlightenment - Where
Europe
The Enlightenment - Significance
Secularism: God isn’t necessary to understand the world; Laws of Nature
Individualism: emphasis on human reason and freedom; privatization of religious choices
Pluralism: competing models for pursuing truth; tolerance of religious differences
Progress: Creativity, innovation, moral improvement
Rene Decartes - Who
French philosopher and mathematician
Rene Decartes - When
1596 - 1650
Rene Decartes - Where
France
Rene Decartes - Significance
What’s impossible doubt: a thought experiment - withhold belief from anything I don’t know to be fully true
Decartes Rationalism - reason is the source of clear and distinct knowledge
Deductive method - build a system of truth from the ground up, use this as a foundation for the belief of God & the external world
Copernicus
a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center
Laws of Nature
Newton’s Law of Motion
Law of Gravitation
Law of Thermodynamics
Electromagnetics Laws
Colonialism and Imperialism
Political, economic, or cultural control by a country over an area outside it’s own boundaries
Blaise Pascal
a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer, and philosopher.
Wrote “Pensees”
Epistemology
the study of knowledge
an old question in a new context; a question of method; rationalism - reason should be our primary source of truth; empiricism - sense experience should be our primary source of truth
Natural Rights
Rooted in rational dignity, must be protected
“The holy Bible can never speak untruth – whenever its true meaning is understood”
“Let us grant that theology is the highest of sciences.”
Galileo - “Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina”
“God and the Soul”
Philosophy over theology
Rene Decartes - “Meditation of First Philosophy”
“submit everything to reason”
Blaise Pascal - “Pensees”
“Sapuere Aude”
“motto of enlightenment”
Immanuel Kant - “An Answer to the Question: ‘What is Enlightenment’”
