CWC Catholic Reformation & Late Middle Ages/Renaissance (Unit 2) Flashcards
Council of Trent - What
A council that formed the Catholic Reformation
Council of Trent - When
1545-1563
Council of Trent - Where
Trent, Italy
Council of Trent - Significance
Key in the beginning of the Catholic reformation; the Church reaffirmed the sacraments and its teachings
Ignatius of Loyola - Who
Spanish priest and theologian
Ignatius of Loyola - When
1491-1556
Ignatius of Loyola - Where
Spain
Ignatius of Loyola - Significance
Founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits); developed Spiritual Exercises, a structured program of meditation, prayer, and introspection intended to deepen a person’s relationship with God
Teresa of Avila
1515-1582
Avila, Spain
Carmelite Nun; Mystical visions; monastic reforms; “Barefoot Carmelites”; emphasized poverty, similar to Francis of Assisi
Francis Xavier
Original Jesuit
Missionary to India and Japan
Died before he could reach China
30 Years War
1618-1648
Peace of Westphalia 1648
Redraws borders; reduces the church’s political power; religion becomes private; sets the stage for the modern nation-state system
Jesuits
created schools/universities
missions to reform Europe
global missions
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Bartolome de las Casas
an advocate for human and indigenous rights
Black Death - What
A plague
Black Death - When
1346 - 1353
Black Death - Where
Europe
Black Death - Significance
Killed a lot of people
Erasmus - Who
Dutch Humanist, catholic
Erasmus - When
1466-1536
Erasmus - Where
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Erasmus - Significance
Machiavelli - Who
Italian diplomat
Machiavelli - When
1469-1527
Machiavelli - Where
Florence, Italy
Machiavelli - Significance
Wrote The Prince
Wrote about being a good ruler and how it meant you couldn’t have ethics or be necessarily loved
Babylonian Captivity
Papacy controlled by French Kings in Avignon
1309-1376
Named after Israel’s captivity in Babylon
Little Ice Age
poor harvest
fluctuations in the economy
colder
Joan of Arc
Died in 1431
Female military leaders
visions from God
Fought for England in the Hundred Years War
Michelangelo
1475-1564
Painter, sculptor, poet
Painted churches and works honoring God and Ad Fontes
Hundred Years War
1337-1453
France vs. England
Strengthening of Monarchies
Blow to feudalism, rise of nationalism
Fall of Constantinople
Byzantines fall to the Ottoman turks after 53 day siege
Sadness throughout the west
Petrarch
1304-1374
Italy
study the humanities
secular study doesn’t have to exclude an authentic relationship with God
Doctrine of Discovery
Christian nations at the divine right to discover the world and take whatever they found, justified colonialism
