CWC Catholic Reformation & Late Middle Ages/Renaissance (Unit 2)

Question 1

Council of Trent - What

Answer 1

A council that formed the Catholic Reformation

Question 2

Council of Trent - When

Answer 2

1545-1563

Question 3

Council of Trent - Where

Answer 3

Trent, Italy

Question 4

Council of Trent - Significance

Answer 4

Key in the beginning of the Catholic reformation; the Church reaffirmed the sacraments and its teachings

Question 5

Ignatius of Loyola - Who

Answer 5

Spanish priest and theologian

Question 6

Ignatius of Loyola - When

Answer 6

1491-1556

Question 7

Ignatius of Loyola - Where

Answer 7

Spain

Question 8

Ignatius of Loyola - Significance

Answer 8

Founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits); developed Spiritual Exercises, a structured program of meditation, prayer, and introspection intended to deepen a person’s relationship with God

Question 9

Teresa of Avila

Answer 9

1515-1582
Avila, Spain
Carmelite Nun; Mystical visions; monastic reforms; “Barefoot Carmelites”; emphasized poverty, similar to Francis of Assisi

Question 10

Francis Xavier

Answer 10

Original Jesuit
Missionary to India and Japan
Died before he could reach China

Question 11

30 Years War

Answer 11

1618-1648
Peace of Westphalia 1648
Redraws borders; reduces the church’s political power; religion becomes private; sets the stage for the modern nation-state system

Question 12

Jesuits

Answer 12

created schools/universities
missions to reform Europe
global missions
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Question 13

Bartolome de las Casas

Answer 13

an advocate for human and indigenous rights

Question 14

Black Death - What

Answer 14

A plague

Question 15

Black Death - When

Answer 15

1346 - 1353

Question 16

Black Death - Where

Answer 16

Europe

Question 17

Black Death - Significance

Answer 17

Killed a lot of people

Question 18

Erasmus - Who

Answer 18

Dutch Humanist, catholic

Question 19

Erasmus - When

Answer 19

1466-1536

Question 20

Erasmus - Where

Answer 20

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Question 21

Erasmus - Significance

Question 22

Machiavelli - Who

Answer 22

Italian diplomat

Question 23

Machiavelli - When

Answer 23

1469-1527

Question 24

Machiavelli - Where

Answer 24

Florence, Italy

Question 25

Machiavelli - Significance

Answer 25

Wrote The Prince
Wrote about being a good ruler and how it meant you couldn’t have ethics or be necessarily loved

Question 26

Babylonian Captivity

Answer 26

Papacy controlled by French Kings in Avignon
1309-1376
Named after Israel’s captivity in Babylon

Question 27

Little Ice Age

Answer 27

poor harvest
fluctuations in the economy
colder

Question 28

Joan of Arc

Answer 28

Died in 1431
Female military leaders
visions from God
Fought for England in the Hundred Years War

Question 29

Michelangelo

Answer 29

1475-1564
Painter, sculptor, poet
Painted churches and works honoring God and Ad Fontes

Question 30

Hundred Years War

Answer 30

1337-1453
France vs. England
Strengthening of Monarchies
Blow to feudalism, rise of nationalism

Question 31

Fall of Constantinople

Answer 31

Byzantines fall to the Ottoman turks after 53 day siege
Sadness throughout the west

Question 32

Petrarch

Answer 32

1304-1374
Italy
study the humanities
secular study doesn’t have to exclude an authentic relationship with God

Question 33

Doctrine of Discovery

Answer 33

Christian nations at the divine right to discover the world and take whatever they found, justified colonialism