crisis hipertensivas Flashcards

1
Q

¿qué es?

A

elevación brusca de TA 210/120 mmHg

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2
Q

tipos

A
  1. urgencia
  2. emergencia
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3
Q

elevación TA sin daño a órgano blanco

A

urgencia

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4
Q

elevación TA con daño a órgano blanco (cerebro, corazón, pulmones, riñones, retina)

A

emergencia

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5
Q

causas crisis hipertensivas

A

⭐️falta de adherencia al tx
⭐️tx inadecuado
enfermedades endocrinas
enfermedades renales
embarazo
intoxicaciones

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6
Q

fisiopato

A
  1. liberación de sustancias presoras (aminas).
  2. aumentar resistencias vasculares
  3. pérdida autorregulación
  4. daño tisular, lesión endotelial, agregación plaquetaria y liberación de enzimas vasoactivas.
  5. isquemia.
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7
Q

factores que autoregulan la TA

A

hemodinámicos: tono vasos
renales: SAA
hormonales
SNA: catecolaminas

*si uno de estos se afecta se considera factor de riesgo para crisis hipertensiva

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8
Q

El tx busca reducir TA 20-25% en 1-2 hrs. Reducción rápida unicamente en DA o EAP. Fármacos IV

A

emergencia

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9
Q

El tx busca hacer una reducción gradual del TA, en un lapso de 24-48hrs. Farma oral

A

urgencia

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10
Q

Nitroprusiato de sodio

A

hemorragia subaracnoidea
falla renal aguda
evc
edema agudo pulmonar

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11
Q

labetalol

A

disección aórtica

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12
Q

nitroglicerina / dinitrato de isosorbide

A

cardiopatía isquémica

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13
Q

esmolol

A

bb ideal para px críticos

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14
Q

nicardipino

A

hemorragia subaracnoidea

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15
Q

hidralazina / alfametildopa /sulfato de Mg

A

preeclampsia y eclampsia

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