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Neuro 2 > Cranial Nerve V, VII, and VIII > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve V, VII, and VIII Flashcards

1
Q

What nuclei are destination nuclei

A

Sensory nuclei

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2
Q

What nuclei are origin nuclei

A

Motor nuclei

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3
Q

What are the main functions of the trigeminal nerve (3)

A
  1. Facial sensation
  2. Muscles of mastication
  3. Tensor tympani muscle
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4
Q

What are the main functions of the facial nerve (4)

A
  1. Muscles of facial expression
  2. Taste
  3. Lacrimation
  4. Salivation
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5
Q

What are the main functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve (2)

A
  1. Hearing

2. Equilibrium sense

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6
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

A 
V1 Opthalmic (sensory and a little motor)
V2 Maxillary (sensory)
V3 Mandibular (sensory and motor)
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8
Q

Where does a motor signal originate (3)

A
  1. Cord
  2. Medulla
  3. Pons
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9
Q

What does the V1 opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for sensory function (7)

A
  1. Eyeball
  2. Lacrimal gland
  3. Conjunctiva
  4. Parts of nasal cavity
  5. Forehead
  6. Upper eyelid
  7. Eyebrow
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10
Q

What does the V1 opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for motor function (1)

A
  1. A tiny bit of fibers for dilator pupillae
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11
Q

What does the V2 maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for sensory function (8)

A
  1. Lower eyelid
  2. Upper lip
  3. Upper gums
  4. Upper teeth
  5. Cheek
  6. Nose
  7. Palate
  8. Part of pharynx
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12
Q

What does the V3 mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for sensory function (5)

A
  1. Lower lip
  2. Lower gums
  3. Lower teeth
  4. Palate
  5. Anterior 2/3 tongue
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13
Q

What does the V3 mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate for motor function (2)

A
  1. Muscles of mastication

2. Tensor tympani

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14
Q

Where does the V1 opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull

A

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

Where does the V2 maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull

A

Foramen rotundum

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16
Q

Where does the V3 mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull

A

Foramen ovale

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17
Q

Where are most primary sensory cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve housed

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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18
Q

What is another name for the trigeminal ganglion

A

Semilunar ganglion

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19
Q

Where do cell bodies of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve lie in relation to the CNS

A

Outside like all somatosensory neurons

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20
Q

What are the 3 destination nuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus

A
  1. Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
  2. Chief trigeminal sensory nucleus
  3. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
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21
Q

What is another name for the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus

A

Main sensory nucleus

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22
Q

What does the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus mediate

A

Proprioception

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23
Q

What does the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus mediate

A

Discriminative touch

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24
Q

What does the spinal trigeminal nucleus mediate

A

Pain and temperature

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25
Q

Where does the spinal trigeminal nucleus synapse

A

Caudal medulla

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26
Q

What are the proprioceptive axons in the trigeminal nerve the stretch and tendon receptors for

A

Muscles of mastication (makes sense since the motor function of the nerve is mastication)

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27
Q

True or False:

The mesencephalic nucleus is a DRG that has been pushed into the CNS

A

True

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28
Q

What does the mesencephalic nucleus being pushed into the CNS mean

A

There is no synapse there

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29
Q

What is the only exception to the DRG have to be in the PNS

A

The mesencephalic nucleus

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30
Q

Where do the fibers traveling to the mesencephalic nucleus travel

A

The bypass the trigeminal nucleus and turn upwards into the mesencephalic nucleus but do not synapse

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31
Q

What do the fibers do once in the mesencephalic nucleus

A

The pass the cell body, leave the nucleus, and synapse in the nearby motor nucleus

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32
Q

What do the fibers that come from the mesencephalic nucleus do once they synapse with the motor nucleus

A

Initiate stretch reflexes for the muscles of mastication

33
Q

What are the size of the fibers carrying info to the spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

Small diameter

34
Q

What do the fibers carrying info to the spinal trigeminal nucleus do once they enter the brainstem at midpons

A

Turn down in the brainstem traveling down the pons to and medulla until they reach the caudal medulla

35
Q

What do the fibers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus do once they reach the caudal medulla

A

They synapse and cross to the other side

36
Q

What is the name of the tract that the descending axons of the spinal trigeminal nucleus travel in called

A

The spinal tract of V

37
Q

Where do the fibers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus eventually synapse

A

Subnucleus caudalis of the spinal nucleus of V

38
Q

Where does the information from the spinal trigeminal nucleus travel after it crosses

A

The spinothalamic tract (just like the rest of the bodies pain and temperature)

39
Q

What other cranial nerves convey pain information from their areas to the spinal trigeminal nucleus (3)

A
  1. Facial VII
  2. Glossopharyngeal IX
  3. Vagus X
40
Q

So the spinal trigeminal nucleus receives input from what cranial nerves (4)

A
  1. V
  2. VII
  3. IX
  4. X
41
Q

For most cranial nerves where are the nuclei and the nerve

A

Ipsilateral

42
Q

What is the exception to the cranial nerves and their nucleus being ipsilateral

A

Trochlear nerve

43
Q

For the trochlear nerve where is the nucleus and nerve

A

The nucleus is ipsilateral and the nerve is contralateral

44
Q

What size fibers carry info to the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus

A

Large diameter fibers

45
Q

What happens to the fibers of the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus

A

They synapse and then cross to the opposite side

46
Q

Where do the fibers from the chief trigeminal sensory nucleus travel after they cross

A

The medial lemniscus pathway (just like the rest of the body’s fine discriminative touch)

47
Q

What does somatosensory info from the face synapse with in the thalamus

A

Ventroposterior medial nucleus (VPM)

48
Q

Where do the somatosensory info go after the thalamus

A

All go to the primary somatosensory cortex no matter if they come from the VPL or VPM

49
Q

What are the targets of the secondary afferent of pain and temperature from the trigeminal nerve (spinal trigeminal nucleus) (3)

A
  1. VPM
  2. PAG (periaqueductal gray)
  3. RF (reticular formation)
50
Q

What are the sensory functions of the facial nerve (2)

A
  1. Taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

2. Small somatic sensation for a region around the back of the outer ear

51
Q

What are the somatic motor functions of the facial nerve

A

Muscles of facial expression

52
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve

A
  1. Lacrimal ducts
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Mucous membranes of nose and palate
53
Q

Where do the sensory cell bodies of the facial nucleus lie

A

The geniculate ganglion

54
Q

True or False:

UMN control of the facial nucleus is bilateral for the upper parts of the face

A

True

55
Q

What does is mean that UMN control of the facial nucleus is bilateral for the upper parts of the face

A

In unilateral UMN lesions the contralateral side can compensate sparing the upper face muscles

56
Q

Is UMN control of the facial nucleus contralateral or ipsilateral for the rest of the face

A

Contralateral

57
Q

What are the 3 facial nerve nuclei of the pons

A
  1. Nucleus solitarus (solitary nucleus)
  2. Facial nucleus
  3. Salivatory nucleus
58
Q

What is the sensory facial nerve nucleus

A

Nucleus solitarus (solitary nucleus)

59
Q

What are the 2 motor facial nerve nuclei

A
  1. Facial nucleus

2. Salivatory nucleus

60
Q

What does the nucleus solitarus receive proximal axons from

A

The DRG in the geniculate ganglion

61
Q

What does the facial nucleus control

A

Muscles of facial expression

62
Q

What does the salivatory nucleus supply

A

Secretomotor parasympathetic fibers and salivary glands

63
Q

What is the ganglion of the secretomotor parasympathetic fibers

A

Lacrimal sphenopalatine ganglion

64
Q

What is the ganglion of the salivary glands

A

Submandibular ganglion

65
Q

What is the primary function of the vestibular and cochlear branch of CN VIII

A

Vestibular: Balance and equilibrium
Cochlear: Hearing

66
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate

A

Receptors of the inner ear

67
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve travel through

A

The internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

68
Q

What is the destination of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

The vestibular and cochlea nuclei of pons and medulla

69
Q

What does the cochlear branch carry

A

Carries auditory info from the cochlea

70
Q

Where does the cochlear branch carry info from and to

A

From the cochlea to the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

71
Q

Where do the primary sensory cell bodies of the cochlear branch lie

A

The spiral ganglion

72
Q

True or False:
Central auditory pathways cross many times so unilateral CNS lesions do not cause clinically significant unilateral hearing loss

A

True

73
Q

What happens when the vibrations made by the inner ossicles contacts the fluid

A

A wave is formed causing the tectorial membrane to bend the hair cells stimulating the nerve

74
Q

Where does the vestibular branch get information from (2)

A
  1. Otolith

2. Semicircular canals

75
Q

What info is carried by the vestibular branch (2)

A
  1. Head position

2. Acceleration

76
Q

Where do the primary sensory cell bodies lie in for the vestibular branch

A

Vestibular ganglia

77
Q

Where does the information fro the vestibular ganglia travel

A

The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem

78
Q

What are the 3 pathways that the vestibular branch influences

A
  1. Unconscious posture and balance
  2. Eye movements
  3. Conscious perception of movement

Neuro 2 (20 decks)

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