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Neuro 2 > Cranial Nerve IX and X > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve IX and X Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

You very rarely get damage to just CN IX or X due to their close proximity

A

True

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2
Q

Where do the lower 4 cranial nerves arise

A

From the medulla

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3
Q

What are the lower 4 cranial nerves involved in (2)

A
  1. Pharyngeal and laryngeal function

2. Movements of the neck and tongue

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4
Q

What does damage to some of the lower 4 cranial nerves usually manifest as

A

Problems with speech and swallowing

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5
Q

How do the lower 4 cranial nerves typically get damaged

A

Damage to the medulla via a mass lesion

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6
Q

What 2 things cause anoxia to the brain

A
  1. Heart attack

2. Drowning

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7
Q

What does the corticospinal tract control

A

Voluntary movements of the torso and UE/LE

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8
Q

What does the corticobulbar tract control

A

Voluntary movements of the head and neck

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9
Q

Where does the corticobulbar tract travel in the internal capsule

A

Genu

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10
Q

Where does the corticobulbar tract arise

A

The lateral aspects of the primary cortices

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11
Q

True or False:

The corticobulbar tract contains UMN of non-oculomotor cranial nerves

A

True

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12
Q

Where does the corticobulbar tract terminate

A

Cranial nerves (LMNs)

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13
Q

True or False:
Some of the contacts of the corticobulbar tracts on the cranial nerves are direct and some are indirect through interneurons of the reticular formation

A

True

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14
Q

True or False:

Most corticobulbar innervation of cranial nerves is bilateral

A

True

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15
Q

What is the exception to corticobulbar innervation of cranial nerves being bilateral

A

Cranial nerve XII and below the eyes innervation of CN VII

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16
Q

True or False:

A LMN is anywhere a cortical neuron synapses

A

True

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17
Q

What happens when there is unilateral lesion of the cortex that serve the cranial motor nerves

A

Paralysis of the muscles of the face and head does not occur it causes mild forms of weakness in the affected muscles

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18
Q

Where are the cell bodies located for an UMN and LMN

A

UMN: In a CNS processing center/motor cortex or nucleus in brainstem
LMN: Nucleus of the spinal cord or brainstem

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19
Q

What are the only LMN axons that extend outside of the CNS

A

Ventral column

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20
Q

True or False:

Both CN IX and X have superior and inferior ganglia

A

True

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21
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge

A

From the upper ventrolateral medulla

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22
Q

Where do the fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve leave or enter the skull

A

The central part of the jugular foramen

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23
Q

Where are the superior and inferior ganglia of CN IX lie

A

In the jugular foramen

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24
Q

What does CN IX share most of it’s nuclei with (3)

A

CN V, VII, X

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25
Q

What are the motor nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve (2)

A
  1. Nucleus ambiguus

2. Inferior salivatory nucleus

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26
Q

What does the nucleus ambiguus innervate for CN IX

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

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27
Q

What does the inferior salivatory nucleus innervate for CN IX

A

Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

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28
Q

What are the sensory nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve (3)

A
  1. Trigeminal nuclei
  2. Rostral nucleus solitarius
  3. Caudal nucleus solitarius
29
Q

What does the trigeminal nuclei innervate for CN IX (3)

A
  1. Somatic sensation from the middle ear
  2. Pharynx
  3. Posterior 1/3 of tongue
30
Q

What does the rostral nucleus solitarius innervate for CN IX

A

Gustation posterior 1/3 of tongue

31
Q

What does the caudal nucleus solitarius innervate for CN IX

A

Chemo and baroreceptors of the carotid body

32
Q

What is the only nucleus innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus

33
Q

What are the peripheral ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve (3)

A
  1. Otic ganglion
  2. Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion
  3. Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion
34
Q

True or False:

Taste and touch sensation at the back of the throat can trigger the gag reflex

35
Q

What are the 2 other names for the gag reflex

A
  1. Pharyngeal reflex

2. Laryngeal spasm

36
Q

What is the gag reflex

A

Contraction of the back of the throat triggered by stimulation by flavor or object touching the roof of the mouth, back of tongue, area around tonsils, or back of throat

37
Q

What cranial nerve triggers the contraction for the gag reflex

A

Cranial nerve X

38
Q

What cranial nerve senses the stimuli leading to the contraction

A

Cranial nerve IX

39
Q

What does the gag reflex do

A

Prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing

40
Q

When does the gag reflex start to diminish

A

6-7 months of age

41
Q

What does the gag reflex starting to diminish at 6-7 months mean

A

Basis for saying start feeding the baby solid food at this time frame

42
Q

What can lesion to the glossopharyngeal nerve cause (7)

A
  1. Difficulty swallowing
  2. Impairment of taste over posterior 1/3 of tongue, palate, and pharynx
  3. Impaired sensation over the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, palate, and pharynx
  4. Absent gag reflex
  5. Dysfunction of the parotid gland
  6. Loss of sensation in external auditory meatus
  7. Possible tachycardia or bradycardia
43
Q

True or False:

The vagus nerve is almost all sensory (parasympathetic of body)

44
Q

True or False:

The vagus nerve has the longest course of all the cranial nerves

45
Q

Where does the vagus nerve extend to and from

A

The head to the abdomen

46
Q

What does the latin of vagary mean

47
Q

In the head and neck what is the vagus mainly responsible for (4)

A
  1. Ability to swallow
  2. Gag reflex
  3. Some taste
  4. Part of phonation
48
Q

What is phonation

A

Production of speech sounds

49
Q

What percent of the nerve fiber in the vagus nerve are dedicated to communication sensory info about the stat of your viscera up to your brain

50
Q

Where do the fibers of the vagus nerve enter or leave the skull

A

The central portion of the jugular foramen

51
Q

Below the inferior ganglion what is the vagus nerve joined by

A

The cranial part of the accessory nerve (CN XI)

52
Q

True or False:

The vagus nerve is functionally diverse and pathology of the vagus nerve is implicated in many clinical cases

53
Q

What are the 2 motor nuclei of the vagus nerve

A
  1. Nucleus ambiguus

2. Dorsal motor nucleus of CN X

54
Q

What does the nucleus ambiguus innervate for the vagus nerve (2)

A
  1. Laryngeal muscles

2. Pharyngeal muscles

55
Q

What pharyngeal/laryngeal muscle does the vagus nerve not innervate

A

Stylopharyngeus

56
Q

What does the dorsal motor nucleus innervate for the vagus nerve

A

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart, bronchi, and digestive tract

57
Q

How far down the digestive tract does the vagus nerve innervate

A

To the splenic flexure

58
Q

What are the 3 sensory nuclei of the vagus nerve

A
  1. Trigeminal nucleus
  2. Rostral nucleus solitarius
  3. Caudal nucleus solitarius
59
Q

What does the trigeminal nucleus innervate for the vagus nerve

A

Somatic sensation from the pharynx, meninges, and small region of external auditory meatus

60
Q

What does the rostral nucleus solitarius innervate for the vagus nerve

A

Taste of the epiglottis and pharynx

61
Q

What does the dorsal nucleus solitarius innervate for the vagus nerve

A

Chemo and baroreceptors of the aortic arch

62
Q

What is the only nucleus of the vagus nerve only

A

Dorsal motor nucleus

63
Q

What are the 3 peripheral ganglia of the vagus nerve

A
  1. Parasympathetic ganglia in end organs
  2. Superior vagal ganglion
  3. Inferior vagal ganglion
64
Q

What does vagus nerve lesions lead to paralysis of (3)

A
  1. Palate
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
65
Q

What does the paralysis of the palate, pharynx, and larynx lead to (5)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Loss of gag reflex
  3. Loss of effective cough
  4. Swallowing problems (dysphagia)
  5. Choking
66
Q

What autonomic dysfunctions occur due to vagus nerve lesions (6)

A
  1. Failure of soft palate elevation
  2. Deviation of uvula away from side of the lesion
  3. Abnormalities of esophageal motility
  4. Abnormalities of gastric acid secretion
  5. Abnormalities of gallbladder emptying
  6. Abnormalities of heart rate
67
Q

What does damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve cause if bilaterally damaged (3)

A
  1. Airway obstruction
  2. Aphonia (loss of voice)
  3. Stridor (inspiratory wheeze
68
Q

What does damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve cause if unilaterally damaged (1)

A

Dysphonia (difficulty speaking)

Neuro 2 (20 decks)

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