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Semester 2 > CP2 chapter 7 > Flashcards

CP2 chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

physical agents

A

used to promote tissue healing for individuals who experience a disalitlity as a result of injury, diease, or loss of a body part

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2
Q

application of heat and cold

A

therapeutically to treat conditions such as infection and trauma

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3
Q

dry heat

A

heating pad, chemical hot pack

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4
Q

moist heat

A

hot soak, hot compress

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5
Q

dry cold

A

ice bag, chemical cold pack

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6
Q

moist cold

A

cold compress

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7
Q

how long should heat and cold be applied for?

A

15-30 minutes

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8
Q

prolonged application of heat or cold

A

adverse secondary effects

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9
Q

factors affecting application of heat and cold

A 
age
location
impaired circulation
impaired sensation
individual tolerance to change in temperature
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10
Q

local effects of heat

A

dilates the vessels = increased blood supply

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11
Q

erythema

A

reddening of the skin caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin

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12
Q

effects of heat

A

promote healing

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13
Q

purpose of applying heat

A

relieve pain, congestion, muscle spasms, and inflammation

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14
Q

when heat should be applied

A

back pain, arthritis, menstrual cramps, abscesses

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15
Q

edema (heat)

A

swelling

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16
Q

exudate (heat)

A

discharge produced by the body’s tissues

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17
Q

suppuration (heat)

A

process of pus formation

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18
Q

when is heat not recommended?

A

initial treatment of acute inflammation or trauma

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19
Q

don’ts for heating

A 
never lay on it 
don't increase heat over time
use protective covering
don't bend or crush heating pad
don't put pins through the heating pad
don't use heating pad over moist areas
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20
Q

what types of ice should you use?

A

small pieces so they can mold to the affected area

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21
Q

where should you store cold packs?

A

room temp and discard after use

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22
Q

soak

A

direct immersion of a body part in water or a medicated solution

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23
Q

local effects of cold

A

constricts blood vessels

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24
Q

purpose of applying cold

A

prevent edema

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25
Q

cold should be applied immediately after

A

direct trauma (bruise, minor burn, sprain, strain, joint injury fracture)

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26
Q

how does cold relieve pain?

A

temporarily through its anesthetic or numbing effect

27
Q

when are casts most often used?

A

fracture

28
Q

healing time with casts

A

4-6 weeks

29
Q

casts

A

used to support and stalbize weak or dislocated joints, to promote healing after a surgical correction

30
Q

orthopedist

A

physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

31
Q

pressure area

A

when the cast presses or rubs against the pts skin and prevents adequate circulation to the area

32
Q

where do most pressure areas occur?

A

bony prominences

33
Q

plaster cast

A

easily molded to allow for swelling

34
Q

synthetic

A

knitted fabric tape

most common***

35
Q

most common synthetic cast

A

fiberglass

36
Q

synthetic advantages

A 
dry and set more quickly
weigh less
less restrictive
less bulky
moisture resistant
37
Q

synthetic disadvantages

A

can’t be molded as easily
more expensive
rougher surface

38
Q

stockinette

A

provide patient comfort and to cover the rough edges at the ends of the cast

39
Q

cast padding

A

prevent pressure areas and to shield the pts skin when the cast is removed

40
Q

maceration

A

softening and breaking down of the skin, which can lead to infection

41
Q

symptoms to report

A 
increase in pain
tingling
cold
chills
foul odor
sore area
42
Q

splints

A

used to support and immobilize a displaced or fractured part of the body

43
Q

when are splints most used?

A

protect areas that are sprained or strained

44
Q

brace

A

support a part of the body and hold it in its correct position

45
Q

short leg walker

A

leg brace (for fractures)

46
Q

ambulation

A

walking

47
Q

ambulatory

A

able to walk as opposed to being confined to a wheelchair or a bed

48
Q

crutches

A

remove weight from legs and transfer to the arms

49
Q

axillary crutches

A

most frequently used

50
Q

forearm crutches

A

pt can release the handgrip, enabling use of the hands

(paraplegic or cerebral palsy

51
Q

axillary crutch measurement

A

2 fingers from axilla

52
Q

crutch palsy

A

muscular weakness in the forearm, wrist, and hand

53
Q

tripod gait

A

X

54
Q

four point gait

A

X

55
Q

two point gait

A

X

56
Q

three point gait

A

X

57
Q

swing to gait and swing through gait

A

X

58
Q

canes

A

used to help provide balance and support to those with hemiparesis, joint disabilities, defects of the neuromuscular system

59
Q

what side do you hold the cane on?

A

the good side

60
Q

angle for elbow with cane

A

25-30 degrees

61
Q

what foot do you move first with a cane?

A

bad leg

62
Q

walkers

A

pts with weakness and balance problems or during the healing process of knee or hip joint replacement surgery

63
Q

how far ahead should you move the walker?

A

6”

Semester 2 (26 decks)

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