CP2 chapter 7

Question 1

physical agents

Answer 1

used to promote tissue healing for individuals who experience a disalitlity as a result of injury, diease, or loss of a body part

Question 2

application of heat and cold

Answer 2

therapeutically to treat conditions such as infection and trauma

Question 3

dry heat

Answer 3

heating pad, chemical hot pack

Question 4

moist heat

Answer 4

hot soak, hot compress

Question 5

dry cold

Answer 5

ice bag, chemical cold pack

Question 6

moist cold

Answer 6

cold compress

Question 7

how long should heat and cold be applied for?

Answer 7

15-30 minutes

Question 8

prolonged application of heat or cold

Answer 8

adverse secondary effects

Question 9

factors affecting application of heat and cold

Answer 9

age
location
impaired circulation
impaired sensation
individual tolerance to change in temperature

Question 10

local effects of heat

Answer 10

dilates the vessels = increased blood supply

Question 11

erythema

Answer 11

reddening of the skin caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin

Question 12

effects of heat

Answer 12

promote healing

Question 13

purpose of applying heat

Answer 13

relieve pain, congestion, muscle spasms, and inflammation

Question 14

when heat should be applied

Answer 14

back pain, arthritis, menstrual cramps, abscesses

Question 15

edema (heat)

Answer 15

swelling

Question 16

exudate (heat)

Answer 16

discharge produced by the body’s tissues

Question 17

suppuration (heat)

Answer 17

process of pus formation

Question 18

when is heat not recommended?

Answer 18

initial treatment of acute inflammation or trauma

Question 19

don’ts for heating

Answer 19

never lay on it 
don't increase heat over time
use protective covering
don't bend or crush heating pad
don't put pins through the heating pad
don't use heating pad over moist areas

Question 20

what types of ice should you use?

Answer 20

small pieces so they can mold to the affected area

Question 21

where should you store cold packs?

Answer 21

room temp and discard after use

Question 22

soak

Answer 22

direct immersion of a body part in water or a medicated solution

Question 23

local effects of cold

Answer 23

constricts blood vessels

Question 24

purpose of applying cold

Answer 24

prevent edema

Question 25

cold should be applied immediately after

Answer 25

direct trauma (bruise, minor burn, sprain, strain, joint injury fracture)

Question 26

how does cold relieve pain?

Answer 26

temporarily through its anesthetic or numbing effect

Question 27

when are casts most often used?

Answer 27

fracture

Question 28

healing time with casts

Answer 28

4-6 weeks

Question 29

casts

Answer 29

used to support and stalbize weak or dislocated joints, to promote healing after a surgical correction

Question 30

orthopedist

Answer 30

physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Question 31

pressure area

Answer 31

when the cast presses or rubs against the pts skin and prevents adequate circulation to the area

Question 32

where do most pressure areas occur?

Answer 32

bony prominences

Question 33

plaster cast

Answer 33

easily molded to allow for swelling

Question 34

synthetic

Answer 34

knitted fabric tape | most common***

Question 35

most common synthetic cast

Answer 35

fiberglass

Question 36

synthetic advantages

Answer 36

``` dry and set more quickly weigh less less restrictive less bulky moisture resistant ```

Question 37

synthetic disadvantages

Answer 37

can't be molded as easily more expensive rougher surface

Question 38

stockinette

Answer 38

provide patient comfort and to cover the rough edges at the ends of the cast

Question 39

cast padding

Answer 39

prevent pressure areas and to shield the pts skin when the cast is removed

Question 40

maceration

Answer 40

softening and breaking down of the skin, which can lead to infection

Question 41

symptoms to report

Answer 41

``` increase in pain tingling cold chills foul odor sore area ```

Question 42

splints

Answer 42

used to support and immobilize a displaced or fractured part of the body

Question 43

when are splints most used?

Answer 43

protect areas that are sprained or strained

Question 44

brace

Answer 44

support a part of the body and hold it in its correct position

Question 45

short leg walker

Answer 45

leg brace (for fractures)

Question 46

ambulation

Answer 46

walking

Question 47

ambulatory

Answer 47

able to walk as opposed to being confined to a wheelchair or a bed

Question 48

crutches

Answer 48

remove weight from legs and transfer to the arms

Question 49

axillary crutches

Answer 49

most frequently used

Question 50

forearm crutches

Answer 50

pt can release the handgrip, enabling use of the hands | (paraplegic or cerebral palsy

Question 51

axillary crutch measurement

Answer 51

2 fingers from axilla

Question 52

crutch palsy

Answer 52

muscular weakness in the forearm, wrist, and hand

Question 53

tripod gait

Answer 53

X

Question 54

four point gait

Answer 54

X

Question 55

two point gait

Answer 55

X

Question 56

three point gait

Answer 56

X

Question 57

swing to gait and swing through gait

Answer 57

X

Question 58

canes

Answer 58

used to help provide balance and support to those with hemiparesis, joint disabilities, defects of the neuromuscular system

Question 59

what side do you hold the cane on?

Answer 59

the good side

Question 60

angle for elbow with cane

Answer 60

25-30 degrees

Question 61

what foot do you move first with a cane?

Answer 61

bad leg

Question 62

walkers

Answer 62

pts with weakness and balance problems or during the healing process of knee or hip joint replacement surgery

Question 63

how far ahead should you move the walker?

Answer 63

6"