corrections from formative assessment 1

Question 1

how is the response of the heart rising in response to a fall in blood pressure controlled?

Answer 1

• baroreceptors are able to detect a change to blood pressure. These are located in the aorta.
• in reponse to low bp, these receptors send a greater frequency of impulse to the cv centre of the medulla . This increases sympathetic activity of the CV centre which stimulates an increase in heart rate.

Question 2

describe the process of passive expiration

Answer 2

• only involves muscular relaxation so the process doesn’t require energy.
• during expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic space.
• at the same time, the external intercostal muscles relax allowing the ribcage to move out and in.
• both of these movements create a descrease in volume and increase pressure so air moves down the concentration gradient and out of the lungs.

Question 3

what is the purpose of myelin and what does it contribute to nervous conduction?

Answer 3

• myelin sheath speeds up conduction along an axon.
• there are gaps called the nodes of ranvier, where the depolarisation of the cell membrane can occur.
• an action potential jumps between these gaps to travel faster, this is known as saltatory conduction.

Question 4

SOBOE stand for

Answer 4

shortness of breath on exertion

Question 5

hypoxic

Answer 5

low oxygen in the blood

Question 6

tachypnoeic

Answer 6

fast breathing rate

Question 7

what does COPD look like on a chest radiograph?

Answer 7

barrel shaped lungs, overinflated

Question 8

the role of blood vessels in increasing blood flow

Answer 8

vasodilation is where blood flow is increased. smooth muscle in vessel walls relax as diameter increases

Question 9

blood pressure

Answer 9

force applied to unit area of blood vessel by the blood contained within it

Question 10

average normal blood pressure in a healthy adult

Answer 10

120/80

Question 11

mechanical pumping action of the heart in systemic circulatory system

Answer 11

• blood enters left atrium via the pulmonary vein.
• left atrium contracts and blood moves into left ventricle through the bicuspid valve.
• left ventricle contracts and blood moves into the aorta through the aortic valve.

Question 12

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 12

caused by bleeding in or around the brain

Question 13

ischaemic stroke

Answer 13

lack of blood flow causes stroke symptoms

Question 14

why do we need to differentiates between types of strokes?

Answer 14

as ischmaeic strokes are given clot busting drugs