Construction Tech Flashcards
What is buildability?
Extent to which design of a building facilitates the ease of construction.
RIBA Stages?
0-7.
0 - Strategic Definition.
1 - Preparation and Brief.
2 - Concept Design.
3 - Spatial Co-ordination.
4 - Technical Design.
5 - Construction.
6 - Handover.
7 - Use.
Off-site vs in-situ construction?
- Safety.
- Efficiency.
- Sustainability.
- Speed.
Building works vs civil engineering works?
Building Works: all buildings.
Civil Eng Works: drainage, highways, bridges, etc.
What are temporary works?
Parts of a project needed to enable work, but not permanent. i.e. scaffolding, hoarding.
What are hoists?
Vertical transportation of materials/people.
What is shoring?
Temporary support to existing buildings/excavations to prevent collapse.
What is a culvert?
Tunnel-like structure, to allow water to flow under roads or other obstructions.
What is a drainage headwall?
Small retaining wall/structure at inlet or outfall of a storm water drainage pipe, to protect end of the drain, and prevent erosion.
What is the substructure?
Portion in the ground, supporting superstructure.
Foundations, basements, retaining walls.
What is ground heave?
Upward movement of the ground, often with clay soil when wet.
Ground improvement techniques?
- Vibro compaction.
- Vibro stone columns.
- Vertical drains.
- Soil mixing.
- Dynamic compaction.
- Dynamic replacement.
Forms of excavation?
Site clearance.
Stripping topsoil.
Cut and fill.
Foundation excavation.
Factors to consider while excavating?
Nature of the soil.
Method.
Ground support systems.
Existing buildings.
Depth.
Services.
Waterproofing basement techniques?
Tanking - materials applied internally or externally to provide continuous membrane to base slab/walls.
Drained cavity - accepts small amount of water seepage occurs, cavity walls formed and water is pumped/drained.
SUDS?
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems.
Manage stormwater locally, mimicking natural draining.
Detail a typical road build-up please?
From bottom to top:
- compacted subbase.
- base course.
- binder course.
- wearing/surface course.
What is a foundation?
Supports superstructures, transferring load to the ground.
Foundation considerations?
Load of the building.
Capacity of the ground.
Structure type.
Cost.
Constraints.
Types of foundation?
Strip.
Pad.
Raft.
Piled.
Raft foundation?
Continuous slab, spread over large area.
Pad foundation?
Support individual columns, square or rectangular.
Strip foundation?
Strip of linear structure to spread the load, supports masonry.
Pile foundations?
Column extends deep into the ground, for very heavy loads.
Types of piling?
End bearing piles.
Friction piles.
Construction methods of piling?
Bored piles.
Driven piles.
When is piled the best solution?
Very heavy loads with weak soil.
Settlement issues common.
Water table is high.
Non-uniform load distribution.
End bearing vs Friction piles?
End bearing - bottom sits on a strong layer of soil/rock.
Friction - stresses along side of the pile, transfers forces to the soil.
Bored v driven piles?
Driven is manufactured off site, bored is made on-site.
Pros and cons of driven piles?
Pros:
- Precast to required spec.
- Any size and shape can be made.
- Driven in compacts soil nearby.
Cons:
- Requires heavy equipment.
- Increased noise and vibration.
- Costly if mistakes are made.
Pros and cons of bored piles?
Pros:
- Any size or shape can be formed on site.
- No risk of damage during delivery.
- Reduced vibrations.
Cons:
- Wastage is generated to be handled.
- Relies on multiple trades.
- Do not improve load bearing of ground.
What are secant pile walls?
A wall of interlocking piles to make a solid barrier.
What is underpinning?
Repair and strengthening of existing foundations.
Needed due to erosion, vibration damage, increase load bearing.
What is superstructure?
Above ground level structure. i.e. walls, slab, columns.
What is the envelope of a building?
Boundary between interior and exterior of building.
Key considerations of external walls?
Weather protection.
Fire resistance.
Appearance.
Lifespan.
Maintenance.
What is a retained facade?
Facade of a building is preserved while the rest is remodelled.
Standard UK brick dimension?
215 x 102.5 x 65 mm.
How many UK bricks per m2?
60 bricks.
How many UK blocks per m2?
10 blocks.
What are weep holes?
Openings in outer skin of masonry, providing ventilation.
Two types of brick bond?
English Bond - Alternating headers and stretchers.
Stretcher bond - most common, vertical joints staggered each time by half a brick.
What is a curtain wall system?
Usually, lightweight aluminium frame where glazed or opaque panels are fixed.
What are movement joints?
Absorbs expansion/contraction of materials.