Conservation

Question 1

where can sea turtles be found?

Answer 1

• world-wide
• continental shelf (not polar)
• life in sea
• females breed on land

Question 2

what union is used to save sea turtles?

Answer 2

IUCN

Question 3

why are sea turtles endangered?

Answer 3

• harvest for shell and meat
• fishing gear
• habitat loss

Question 4

problem with ridleys’ turtle

Answer 4

• arribadas
• eggs harvested, beaches developed, pollutants/fishing gear

Question 5

describe leatherback

Answer 5

• largest and fastest
• bony skin
• longest migrations
• feed on jellyfish

Question 6

what is the purpose of ecosystem management?

Answer 6

calc economic value of ecosystem “services” of habitat

Question 7

examples of foundation species

Answer 7

• corals
• sponges
• eelgrass

Question 8

examples of trophic cascading species

Answer 8

• sea urchins for kelp forests

Question 9

examples of resource species

Answer 9

• fish
• shrimp
• clams
  -> habitats their larvae require

Question 10

EBSAs

Answer 10

• ecologically or biologically significant marine areas
  -> determined by convention on biological diversity
• CBD - determines criteria for establishing EBSAs
• CBD advises on methods for monitoring EBSAs

Question 11

who establishes MPAs?

Answer 11

countries - highest protection through MPAs

Question 12

what are areas called with no legislation or management?

Answer 12

paper parks

Question 13

describe MPAs

Answer 13

• higher abundance, biomass, greater diversity, larger animals

Question 14

what are the best kind of marine reserves?

Answer 14

no take reserves

Question 15

what is NEOLI?

Answer 15

no take, enforced, old, large, isolated by deep water or sand

Question 16

how much of the ocean is protected and how much is covered by exclusively no-take MPAs?

Answer 16

6.35
1.89

Question 17

why cant MPAs take proper measures?

Answer 17

lack of human and financial resources

Question 18

what is the purpose of Oceans Act?

Answer 18

• legally defines ocean boundaries, regulates fisheries, creates and oversees marine protected areas

Question 19

what does the ocean action plan involve?

Answer 19

• international leadership, sovereignty and security
• integrated oceans management for sustainable development
• health of oceans
• ocean sci and tech

Question 20

what are the guiding principles?

Answer 20

sustainable development
integrated management
precautionary approach

Question 21

what is the organizational system of LOMAs?

Answer 21

• 13 bioregions
• MPAs
• OECMs
• AOI - future MPAs

Question 22

how are MPAs established and managed under Oceans Act?

Answer 22

Step 1: Select Area of Interest (AOI)
*Select the area of interest … and seek preliminary endorsement from
interested parties.
Step 2: Conduct Overview and Assessment of AOI
*a social, cultural and economic overview
Step 3: Develop Draft Regulatory Intent
* identify regulatory/non-regulatory measures, that is, the management
approach. Note Exceptions
Step 4: Consult with Stakeholders and Finalize Regulatory Intent
and Cost-Benefit Overview
Step 5: Develop Regulations for MPA Designation
*Designation occurs when the regulations are published in the Gazette
Step 6: Manage Marine Protected Area

Question 23

how were the glass sponge reefs protected in Hecate Strait Queen Charlotte?

Answer 23

• discovered in 1988
• mpa status 2017
• non-govt organizations big role

Question 24

who is involved in integrated management?

Answer 24

• connecting scientists, stakeholders and managers with NGO partners

Question 25

what is the purpose of integrated management?

Answer 25

• determine how to monitor MPA
• involves scientists -> healthy vs non-healthy reef conditions, identify indicators or reef condition that are easy to track
• design and implement a cost-effective monitoring framework

Question 26

how are boundaries formalized?

Answer 26

• legalize it and publish it in the Canada Gazette
• created an “adaptive management zone” -> boundary of diff distances both laterally and vertically

Question 27

how are boundaries verified?

Answer 27

• engage scientists to do research
  -> instruments record filtration
  -> ROV to put sediment over sponges
  -> analyze data
  -> publish

Question 28

what is the question scientists are researching?

Answer 28

does sediment affect sponges? and how does it affect it?

Question 29

what did researchers find?

Answer 29

• sediment stops sponges feeding
• silt travels beyond Adaptive Management Zone

Question 30

what is used to put science into policy?

Answer 30

CSAS - Canadian Sci Advisory Secretariat

Question 31

what do CSAS do?

Answer 31

• organize meetings with stakeholders
• DFO scientists re-eval data and provide advice to managers

Question 32

what additional actions need to be taken?

Answer 32

N: No Take Areas – no harvesting or exploitation allowed
E: Enforced – they need to be managed, not passively protected
O: Old - need them now to let them become established
L: Large – the bigger the better for recruitment and reproduction
I: Isolated – if they are remote they do better

Question 33

what is the global target by 2050?

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

how much commitment did Canada take in 2023?

Answer 34

14.6% which is under the 25% goal