Conservation Flashcards
where can sea turtles be found?
- world-wide
- continental shelf (not polar)
- life in sea
- females breed on land
what union is used to save sea turtles?
IUCN
why are sea turtles endangered?
- harvest for shell and meat
- fishing gear
- habitat loss
problem with ridleys’ turtle
- arribadas
- eggs harvested, beaches developed, pollutants/fishing gear
describe leatherback
- largest and fastest
- bony skin
- longest migrations
- feed on jellyfish
what is the purpose of ecosystem management?
calc economic value of ecosystem “services” of habitat
examples of foundation species
- corals
- sponges
- eelgrass
examples of trophic cascading species
- sea urchins for kelp forests
examples of resource species
- fish
- shrimp
- clams
-> habitats their larvae require
EBSAs
- ecologically or biologically significant marine areas
-> determined by convention on biological diversity - CBD - determines criteria for establishing EBSAs
- CBD advises on methods for monitoring EBSAs
who establishes MPAs?
countries - highest protection through MPAs
what are areas called with no legislation or management?
paper parks
describe MPAs
- higher abundance, biomass, greater diversity, larger animals
what are the best kind of marine reserves?
no take reserves
what is NEOLI?
no take, enforced, old, large, isolated by deep water or sand
how much of the ocean is protected and how much is covered by exclusively no-take MPAs?
6.35
1.89
why cant MPAs take proper measures?
lack of human and financial resources
what is the purpose of Oceans Act?
- legally defines ocean boundaries, regulates fisheries, creates and oversees marine protected areas
what does the ocean action plan involve?
- international leadership, sovereignty and security
- integrated oceans management for sustainable development
- health of oceans
- ocean sci and tech
what are the guiding principles?
sustainable development
integrated management
precautionary approach
what is the organizational system of LOMAs?
- 13 bioregions
- MPAs
- OECMs
- AOI - future MPAs
how are MPAs established and managed under Oceans Act?
Step 1: Select Area of Interest (AOI)
*Select the area of interest … and seek preliminary endorsement from
interested parties.
Step 2: Conduct Overview and Assessment of AOI
*a social, cultural and economic overview
Step 3: Develop Draft Regulatory Intent
* identify regulatory/non-regulatory measures, that is, the management
approach. Note Exceptions
Step 4: Consult with Stakeholders and Finalize Regulatory Intent
and Cost-Benefit Overview
Step 5: Develop Regulations for MPA Designation
*Designation occurs when the regulations are published in the Gazette
Step 6: Manage Marine Protected Area
how were the glass sponge reefs protected in Hecate Strait Queen Charlotte?
- discovered in 1988
- mpa status 2017
- non-govt organizations big role
who is involved in integrated management?
- connecting scientists, stakeholders and managers with NGO partners
what is the purpose of integrated management?
- determine how to monitor MPA
- involves scientists -> healthy vs non-healthy reef conditions, identify indicators or reef condition that are easy to track
- design and implement a cost-effective monitoring framework
how are boundaries formalized?
- legalize it and publish it in the Canada Gazette
- created an “adaptive management zone” -> boundary of diff distances both laterally and vertically
how are boundaries verified?
- engage scientists to do research
-> instruments record filtration
-> ROV to put sediment over sponges
-> analyze data
-> publish
what is the question scientists are researching?
does sediment affect sponges? and how does it affect it?
what did researchers find?
- sediment stops sponges feeding
- silt travels beyond Adaptive Management Zone
what is used to put science into policy?
CSAS - Canadian Sci Advisory Secretariat
what do CSAS do?
- organize meetings with stakeholders
- DFO scientists re-eval data and provide advice to managers
what additional actions need to be taken?
N: No Take Areas – no harvesting or exploitation allowed
E: Enforced – they need to be managed, not passively protected
O: Old - need them now to let them become established
L: Large – the bigger the better for recruitment and reproduction
I: Isolated – if they are remote they do better
what is the global target by 2050?
50%
how much commitment did Canada take in 2023?
14.6% which is under the 25% goal
