Concepts Related with Diseases Flashcards
define disease
state in which normal functions are disturbed or altered at cellular, tissue, organ, or organism level. *homeostatic mechanisms are upset, leading to malfunction
define pathology
science of causes and effects of diseases,especially the branch of medicine dealing with laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnosis or forensic purposes
anatomic pathology
cellular level
clinical pathology
organism level
infectious disease
caused by organisms (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite), other diseases caused by metabolic, genetic, toxins, nutritional factors
contagious disease
transmitted from one individual to another
zoonotic disease
transmittable from animals to humans
congenital disease
structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life (also called birth defects, congenital disease)
injury
also called trauma, damage to body caused by external forces
lesion
changes in tissue or organ damage caused by injury or disease
symptom
physical or mental sign of a disease, deviation from normal
acute disease
appears suddenly with short duration
chronic disease
prolonged in time, could worsen over time
subclinical disease
disease is under the limits of clinical detection through symptoms, includes milk symptoms (ex. mastitis)
carrier/asymptomatic
individual that shows no sign symptoms of a disease, carrier is infected by infectious agent, shows no symptomsm and spreads the agent
localized disease
limited to a body region or organ
systemic disease
disease that affects multiple organs or whole organism
pathogen/agent
microorganism that causes disease
vector
any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism
fomite/vehicle
object or amterial likely to carrt an infection (clothes, utensils, furniture)
pathogenicity
the ability of an organism to produce disease
virulence
degree of disease produced by an infectious organism
opportunistic agent
infectious microorganism that it normally commensal or does not harm but can cause disease when host resistance is low
how do you avoid opportunistic agents?
combine probiotics when treating with antibiotics
diagnosis
process of determining the disease affecting an animal
prognosis
prediction of disease development
pathogenesis
process of disease development, including factors that promote it (ex. hypothyroidism in dogs caused by an underlying brain tumor on pituitary gland)
etiology
reason or agent that initiates a disease
mortality
rate of death in a specific population due to a disease
morbidity
state of being symptomatic or unhealthy, rate of disease in a population
prevalence/incidence
precentage of individuals in a population with a disease
endemic
diseases present in consistent low ratio over time, limited to a region
epidemic
unexpected increase in number of disease cases in a specific geographical area
pandemic
disease with exponential growth that spreads over multiple populations or countries,even globally
outbreak
sudden increase in occurances of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for location or season
risk factor
variables associated with increase of probability of disease
