Clinical History Flashcards
what are pathognomic symptoms?
symptoms that develop in a specific disease
are pathognomic symptoms common? why or why not?
not common because symptoms overlap
give 2 example of a pathognomic symptom
subcutaneous hemorrhage in a suqare pattern in erysipela in pigs
negri bodies in rabies infected brain tissues
describe the arborizing or algorithm diagnostic method
a flow chart or tree of symptoms to follow to lead you to diagnosis
give an example using the arborizing or algorithm method
symptom: fever, have discharge yes or no? yes leads somewhere, no leads somehwere else. have inflammation yes or no? leads down a different path too
describe the key abnormality diagnostic method
Step 1: general physical examination: for detection of clinically significant abnormalities
Step 2: special examination of suspect systems or organs: physical and laboratory
Step 3: special examination of identified system: exploratory, laparatomy, endoscopy, radiography
Step 4: special examination of lesion: biopsy, response to treatment, examination of fluids
step 5: special examination of specimens: blood, urine, feed, or soil samples by chemical, microbiological, or parasitological means
what does step 1 of the key abnormality method (general physical exam) determine?
abnormality of function present
what does step 2 of the key abnormality method (special examination of suspect systems or organs) determine?
system or organ involved, or body as a whole
what does step 3 of the key abnormality method (special exam of identified system) determine?
location of lesion in system or organ
what does step 4 of the key abnormality method (special exam of lesion) determine?
type of lesion
what does step 5 of the key abnormality method (special exam of specimens) determine?
specific cause of lesion
give an example of systemic or pattern recognition
if observe polyuria and polydipsia WITH weight gain = diabetes
what is the most important skill to have when collecting data before approaching a sick animal?
GOOD COMMUNICATION!!
what are the 2 aspects of good communication as used when collecting data before approaching a sick animal?
set roles: vet to owner, vet to farm etc.
vocabulary used: use the right words, not fancy for fancy sake, but also show you know your shit
list the 5 aspects of animal data that are important to get when obtaining a clinical history
- owner’s information: who to call when things go wrong
- species, type, breed
- animal ID (in herds)
- sex, age, body weight
- production/parameter data
what is important to obtain with sex, age, and body weight information for clinical history for animals in herds?
distribution data for the herd
give 5 types of production parameters/data that would be important to obtain when getting clinical history before approaching a patient (1-3 are for dairy, swine, and chickens respectively)
- milk production, DIM, milk conductivity, milk composition
- litter size, mummified piglets, piglet growth, feed intake
- number of eggs/day
- animals per cage/pen
- neonatal mortality
difference between mummified and petrified fetus?
mummified: dried and shriveled
petrified: calcified
both are fetus death though
what are the 4 aspects of clinical history?
- animal data
- disease history
- management history
- examination of the environment: outdoor vs. indoor
what are the 6 aspects of disease history to get when obtaining a clinical history?
- information about the epidemiology of the current disease
- prior treatments
- prophylactic management
- previous exposures
- transit/transportation
- farm culling rates
when obtaining info about the epidemiology of the current disease, what 2 things are important to keep in mind/know?
- morbidity and mortality
2. demographic of affected animals
give 3 examples of prophylactic management
- addition of salt rocks in pens
- types and times of dewormers used
- type of vaccinations
give 2 things that are NOT prophylactic management and why
- farm culling rates- disease already happened
2. latest transport- not preventative caare, just good info to know
give the 4 main aspects of management history
- nutrition
- reproductive management and history
- climate
- general management
give the 2 aspects of nutrition as a part of management history
- feed composition, feeding times, feeding frequency
2. feed preservation and storage
give the 3 aspects of reproductive management as a part of management history
- repro protocols
- timing of synchronization
- types of breeding used
give the 3 aspects of general management as part of management history
- biosecurity and disinfection protocols
- personnel training
- space, pen/cage design
give the 6 aspects of examination of the outdoor environment
- topography and soil type
- stocking rate (density)
- feed and water supply
- waste disposal
- vegetation composition
- presence of parasites and intermediary host
give the 2 aspects to look at when examining topography and soil type`
- shade, type of vegetation
2. soil composition, soil moisture
give the 5 aspects of examination of the indoor environment
- hygiene
- ventilation
- flooring
- floor plan
- lighting
what should you look at when examining the floor plan of the indoor environment?
design of gates, hallways, and aisles
what is precision livestock farming?
set of farming practicies, including the use of advanced technologies, to deliver better results in livestock farming
list 7 benefits of precision livestock farming
- better utilization of skilled labor
- earlier intervention and reduction in the spread of diseases
- reduction in unnecessary medical treatments
- better animal welfare
- improved animal product quality
- more efficient consumption of feed
- higher profits for producers
list 8 technologies or methods utilized in precision livestock farming
- electronic collars
- pedometers
- ruminal boluses
- camera systems
- electronic feeders
- milking parlor meters
- GPS trackers
- drones
what would a breath/respiration biosensor measure? (2)
respiration rate, volatile organic compounds
what would a saliva biosensor measure?
cortisol, miRNA, lactate, hormones
what was a halter/neck collar biosensor measure? (5)
humidity, sounds, pressure, temperature, accelerometer sensors
what would a hair biosensor measure?
lactate
what would an ear tag biosensor measure?
accelerometer, temperature
what woould a vaginal biosensor measure?
temperature, pH, heat detection
what would a tail biosensor measure?
accelerometer
what would a rumen biosensor measure?
pH, temp, accel
what would a leg bionsensor monitor?
pedometer, accel
