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PE > Concepts of physical activity and sport > Flashcards

Concepts of physical activity and sport Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sporting development continuum?

A

The foundation level is the first introduction to physical activity (primary school PE).
The participation level emphasises fun, socialising and developing friendships.
The performance level is for more dedicated, focused individuals with commitment to regular sport and winning.

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2
Q

What is physical recreation?

A

The active aspect of leisure - free time.
Emphasis is on participation, without focus on winning, and is a choice.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of physical recreation?

A

Physically energetic
Fun, informal, flexible in nature and non-serious.
Participation is voluntary, and adults are usually at participation level.
It is self-officiated.

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4
Q

What are the functions of physical recreation for the individual?

A

Increased health and fitness and skills.
Provides challenges which give self-satisfaction and confidence.
Act as stress relief from work.
Allows to socialise and have fun.
It helps ensure participation for many years and later in life.

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5
Q

What are the functions of physical recreation for society?

A

Increased health reduces the strain on the NHS, and lowers obesity.
It can increase social integration and improve community cohesion.
This can lead to increased employment and economic benefits, when more people use facilities and buy equipment.
Increased social control and decreased crime rates.
Increased potential to progress to elite levels.

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of sport?

A

Highly structured with set rules and officials to enforce them.
Uses specialist equipment.
Strategies and tactics used to win, serious and competitive.
Rewards given for success.
High skill level and commitment to training.

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7
Q

What are the additional functions of sport for individuals?

A

As well as the functions of physical recreation:
Self-confidence also increases dues to skill improvement.
Development of sporting morals and attitudes like fair play and sportsmanship, which can influence behaviour.

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8
Q

What are the additional functions of sport for society?

A

As well as the functions of physical recreation:
Increased equality of opportunity and social integration due to increased participation together by socio-economic and ethnic groups.
More employment opportunities for life - sports coaches, lifeguards, fitness trainers.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of physical education?

A

Compulsory and taught formally as lessons by teachers.
Four key stages from age 5-16.
Begins at primary school ‘foundation level’.
Lessons are pre-planned and highly structured.

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10
Q

What are the functions of physical education?

A

Health and fitness, develop positive attitudes so healthy lifestyles are continued.
Provides opportunities for increased participation.
Develops personal and social skills, as well as sporting ethics - morality, fair play and sportsmanship.
Can improve problem solving, decision making and creativity.
Develops self-analysis, recognising strengths and weaknesses.

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11
Q

What are the functions of outdoor education?

A

Appreciate and engage with natural environment.
Develops physical and survival skills, which can increase self-esteem.
Physically challenging activities increase health and fitness.

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12
Q

What are the functions of outdoor education - cognitive?

A

Working together leads to increased co-operation, improvement in social skills and leadership.
Learning to deal with challenging situations, and perceiving risk.
Increased cognitive and decision making skills.

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13
Q

What are the problems of outdoor education?

A

Lack of time in the curriculum.
Lack of money - high cost specialist equipment.
Lack of qualified staff.
The location - travelling to the specialist facilities.
Health and safety concerns of parents.

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14
Q

What are the elements of physical education?

A

Education
School sport - extra-curricular, inter-house competitions.
Recreation - non-competitive participation.

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of school sport?

A

Extra-curricular time.
School sports partnerships and school games promotes competition.
Some schools use coaches to increase opportunities, and their specialisms to develop pupil talents.

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16
Q

What are the functions of school sport?

A

Increased health and fitness and skill levels.
New social groups form and friendships develop.
Improved cognitive skills can improve academic achievement.

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17
Q

What are the similarities between physical recreation and sport?

A

Both increase health and fitness.
Voluntary and in free time.
Gain intrinsic benefits from participation.

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18
Q

What are the differences between physical recreation and sport?

A

Available to all vs selected.
Emphasis on taking part vs on winning.
Limited commitment required vs high level commitment.
Modified vs set rules.
Self-officiated vs external officials enforce.
Intrinsic vs extrinsic rewards available.
Basic vs high tech equipment.

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19
Q

What are the differences between physical recreation and PE?

A

Voluntary vs compulsory.
In free time vs school time.
Relaxed vs formal teaching.
Participation level vs foundation level at primary school.
Simple structure vs highly structured.

20
Q

What is the difference between PE and school sport?

A

In lesson time vs extra-curricular.
Compulsory vs voluntary.
For all vs the chosen elite.
Emphasis on participation vs winning.
Teacher led vs coaches involved.
Wide variety of activities vs specialisms develop.

21
Q

What are the personal factors needed for talent identification?

A

Commitment and self-discipline.
Determination to succeed, single-minded and mentally tough.
Self-sacrifice to succeed.
High pain tolerance.
High self-confidence and self-efficacy.
Highly skilled and high level of physical fitness.

22
Q

What are the socio-cultural factors needed for talent identification?

A

High socio-economic status.
Equal opportunities and anti-discriminatory practice in a sport and equity targets.
High quality educational provision.
Structured competition to progress through.
High media coverage and role models to aspire to.

23
Q

What is UK sport?

A

Primary role is to invest and distribute national lottery funding for elite performer development to maximise performance in the Olympic and Paralympic games.
Develop World Class Coaches via the Elite programme, in conjunction with Sports Coach UK.

24
Q

How do UK sport achieve their aims?

A

Provide funding to NGBs so they can operate a World Class Programme, covering all Olympic and Paralympic sports.
Provide funding to athletes via an Athlete Performance Award, which contributes to living and sporting costs at elite performance level.
Also provide funding to NIS such as EIS and British Olympic and Paralympic plans.

25
Q

What does UK sport do for Talent ID?

A

The lead agency in running Talent ID programmes, EIS provide venues.
Aim to develop lifestyles in young performers to enable elite performer progression to occur, unimpeded by personal or work issues.
Personal Lifestyle Advice is delivered at NIS to help with mentor support and manage UK’s international sporting relations.

26
Q

What are the National Institutes of Sport?

A

EIS is owned by and receives £40 million over 4 years from UK sport.
It generates its own income by providing services to NGBs.
These services aim to increase the probability of a potential elite athlete being successful by increasing health, training, fitness and preparation.

27
Q

What are the services EIS provide to NGBs?

A

Sport science: Evaluates training as it happens, coach can objectively measure the impact. Also, performance nutrition, psychology and analysis.
Medical: Medicine is available quickly and includes physiotherapy and strength and conditioning coaches.
Performance lifestyle support: For athletes on the World Class Performance Programme. Personalised support to minimise concerns, conflicts and distractions that could be detrimental to performance, as well as time management, budgeting and media and sponsorship.

28
Q

What is the UK talent team?

A

A collaboration between EIS and UK sport, supporting World Class programmes to identify talented athletes.
Focuses on podium and podium potential athletes.

29
Q

What does EIS do with technology?

A

EIS develops equipment and technology to support practitioners and performers.
A research and innovation team looks at training science, performance medicine, sporting equipment and coaching technologies.
Work with NGBs to fund and expertise to support projects that benefit athletes.

30
Q

What are National Governing Bodies of sport?

A

They help ensure the development of elite performers.
Initially they promote and increase participation, providing equality and opportunity for all.
They can also use regional scouts and talent ID schemes to identify young talent.
They then support them in a number of ways.

31
Q

Who do NGBs work with?

A

They decide who in sport should recieve funding.
They work with NIS and UK sport to provide elite performers with support so they develop and progress.
They provide sport-specific coaching awards from basic low level through to high levels needed for elite performers.

32
Q

What are the stages of British cycling identification?

A

The Olympic Podium programme supports elite cyclists on a full-time programme.
The Olympic Academy Programme provides a finishing school for 18-23 year olds to fine tune their skills, and jump to the senior Olympic Podium Programme.

33
Q

What are the features of NGBs whole sport plans?

A

Whole Sport Plan is a lottery funded, Sport England approved outline of how NGB intends to increase participation, as well as develop and identify talent.
British Rowing developed a 2013-17 sport plan and recieved £5 million for particpation schemes like Rowability.

34
Q

What are the reasons for talent ID programmes?

A

All potential performers can be screened.
Performers can be directed to the sport most suited to their talent.
Their development can be accelerated.
Efficient use made of funding.
Provide a co-oordinated approach between NGBs, EIS and UK sport.

35
Q

What are the disadvantages of Talent ID programmes?

A

May miss late developers.
Require high levels of funding.
Needs large numbers to be tested to be of use.
No guarantees of success.
Many sports are in competition for the same talent pool.

36
Q

What makes a talent ID programme effective?

A

Specialist, high quality training facilities are provided.
Funding is allocated to young up and coming performers.
Talent spotting via high quality coaches and scouts.
High level of provision of support services during identification and progression.
Organisations work together.
Equal opportunity ensured.

37
Q

What makes a talent ID programme effective - structure?

A

Simplicity of administration and record keeping.
Talent ID systems use good practice and appropriate tests.
Well-structured competitive programmes and development squads are provided, and provide a structured route to elite level.

38
Q

What is the performance pathways team?

A

Part of EIS, it works with UK sport to support the World Class Programme, and to help new athletes with sporting potential to progress to World Class system and represent GB in sporting events.

39
Q

What are the areas of the Performance Pathways team?

A

Pathway Frontline technical solutions - to meet the specific needs of each sport in identifying and developing talent.
Pathway education - for development coaches linked to elite performers.
Pathway analytics - gives sport the ability to provide measurements of the effectiveness of their pathways by using diagnostic tools.

40
Q

What are the other areas of the Performance Pathway team?

A

Performance Pathway Health Check - an important diagnostic tool in supporting the Olympic and Paralympic sports. Reviews current systems for supporting performers.
Pathway strategy - assist sports to develop and put in place a clear pathway from podium foundations level to podium level in sport.

41
Q

What is podium level of World Class Performance Programme?

A

Support athletes with realistic medal-winning capabilities at the next olympics/paralympics.
Uk Athletics (NGB) recieve funding from UK sport which enables them to offer financial support to performers in their sport.

42
Q

What is podium potential level in WCPP?

A

Support athletes whose performance suggest they have realistic medal winning capabilities at subsequent olympic games - max 8 years away.

43
Q

What is the talent level?

A

This provides funding and support to identify and confirm athletes with potential to progress to world class performance pathway.
‘Futures Programme’ was for young, talented athletes (17-20) and their coaches.

44
Q

What is the Gold Event series?

A

UK sport have this programme that works to bring 100 targeted major international sporting events to the UK during the 10 years it operates.
Successful bids were made to host the UCI track cycling world championships in London in 2016.
UK sport works with the sport and host to draw up detailed business plan and budget.

45
Q

What are the aims of hosting major international events?

A

Supporting high performance success.
Creating high profile opportunities for people to engage in sport.
Using and demonstrating the legacy of London 2012.
Driving positive economic and social impacts for the UK.

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