Conception Case Drugs Flashcards
Male condom
- Barrier method of contraception, that also protects from STI transmission.
- Condoms are at risk of splitting
- No medical side effects
Combined pill
- Standard method involves 1 a day for 21 days, then a 7 day break for menstruation. Cycle repeats. Some pills involve no breaks or shorter breaks.
- Thickens the mucus in the womb, making it harder for sperm to penetrate the womb and reach an egg. - - Thins the lining of the womb making it harder for an egg to implant.
- Stops ovulation
The pill may not be right for you if you:
•are pregnant
•smoke and are 35 or older
•stopped smoking less than a year ago and are 35 or older
•are very overweight
•take certain medicines
Advantages
-Makes bleeds lighter and less painful
-Reduces risk of ovarian cancer
-Can reduce acne
Disadvantages
-Temporary side effects like nausea, headache, breast tenderness and mood swings
-Increase in blood pressure
-Linked to blood clots and increased risk of breast cancer
Progesterone-only pill
- Take one everyday with no breaks, at the same time (traditional vs desogestrel/ 3 hour vs 12 hour)
- Traditional thickens mucus lining in cervix, desogestrel can also stop ovulation
You should be able to use the progestogen-only pill, but you may not be able to if you:
•think you might be pregnant
•do not want your periods to change
•take other medicines that may affect the pill
- Useful if you can’t take oestrogen, which is found in the combined pill
- However periods may become irregular, and you may get acne, mood changes, headaches and nausea.
Implant
- small rod placed under the skin of the upper arm, releases progesterone
- which stops ovulation and thickens the mucus lining preventing sperm reaching the egg and also thins uterus lining.
- works for 3 years, can be taken out sooner (everything returns to normal)
IUD/IUS
- intrauterine device is a small plastic and copper device placed in the womb, it stops sperm reaching the egg and may also stop fertilised eggs implanting. Works for 5-10 years
- no affect on future fertility
- normonal or copper options, progesterone alters mucus and so does the copper
- not suitable if at risk of getting an STI
Vasectomy
- permanent method of contraception, 1 in 2000 fail
- vas deferens are cut, sealed or tied
- not easy to reverse
- some people experience long term testicular pain
Patch
- small patch releases oestrogen and synthetic progesterone, stopping ovulation and thickening the mucus lining
- thins uterus
- new patch used every week for 3/4 weeks.
- not suitable if overweight, smoker or over 35
Clomifene
appears to stimulate the release of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and leuteinizing hormone (LH), which leads to the development and maturation of ovarian follicle, ovulation, and subsequent development and function of the coprus luteum, thus resulting in pregnancy.
Gonadotropins
follicle stimulating hormone, stimulate eggs to grow in ovaries, may improve fertility in men
Metformin
improve fertility outcomes in females with insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in obese males with reduced fertility
Levonelle (levonorgestrel)
Within 3 days of unprotected sex
Contains synthetic progesterone to stop or delay the release of an egg in ovulation
MOA-
Binds to progesterone and androgen receptors to slow release of GnRH from hypothalamus
Suppresses LH surge preceding ovulation
Inhibits rupture of follicle and viable egg release from ovaries
As well as this, it thickens cervical mucus, interfering with migration of sperm to the uterus for fertilisation
EllaOne (ulipristal acetate)
Within 5 days of unprotected sex
Synthetic selective progesterone receptor modulator - Interferes with progesterone to stop or delay the release of an egg in ovulation
MOA
Binds to progesterone receptors, suppressing LH surge in same mechanism as levonorgestrel
Mechanism that disrupts implantation process is not well understood (changes endometrial environment to prevent trophoblast implantation)
