Communicable diseases

Question 1

Give 1 example of a virus in humans and then state one in plants

Answer 1

Humans - HIV(leading to aids)

Plants - Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 2

What are diseases caused by pathogens called?

Answer 2

Communicable diseases.

Question 3

Give one example of a bacteria in humans and then state one in plants.

Answer 3

Humans - Salmonella

Plants - agrobacterium

Question 4

What three types of disease cannot be caught?

Answer 4

• Inherited genetic disorders eg. cystic fibrosis
• Deficiency diseases - lack of vitamins and minerals eg. scurvy (lack of vitamin C)
• Diseases like cancer caused by carcinogens or develop naturally as cell division occurs incorrectly.

Question 5

What are 5 ways that disease can be transmitted?

Answer 5

• Air (tiny droplets in air infect others.)
• Direct contact - shaking hands, sexual intercourse
• Water - dirty water transmits disease eg. cholera bacterium.
• Vector - Any organism that can spread disease is called a vector. Cross-contamination over different species
• Unhygienic food preparation - reheated, undercooked food can cause bacterial diseases eg. Escherichia
  coli (food poisoning.)

Question 6

What is an antigen?

Answer 6

A protein on the surface of a pathogen that triggers the immune system.

Question 7

What do antibodies do?

Answer 7

Attack foreign organisms (antigens) that get into the body.

Question 8

What is it called when a weakened pathogen is entered into the body?

Answer 8

Live attenuated vaccine.

Question 9

What are inactive vaccines?

Answer 9

When a dead pathogen enters the body.

Question 10

What type of cells record information about pathogens ?

Answer 10

Memory cells. B cells, T cells.