Automatic Control Systems Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment. Creates optimum conditions for enzyme action throughout the body.
What does homeostasis include the control of?
blood glucose concntration- measures the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
body temperature
water levels
What system are nervous responses coordinated by?
Nervous system.
What system are chemical responses coordinated by?
Endocrine system.
What are the three types of neurons?
Motor neurones, relay neurones, sensory neurones.
What is the function of a sensory neuron?
Sensory neurons carry electrical impulses from receptors to CNS.
What is the function of relay neurons?
Relay neurons pass signals between neurons in the central control system.
What is the function of motor neurons
Motor neurons transmit information to an effector.
Give two examples of a response triggered by an effector.
- Muscle contracting.
- Gland secreting hormones.
What are receptors?
A group of specialized cells that detect either internal/ external changes.
What is a reflex action?
An automatic, rapid response to a stimulus.
What are the different types of receptors in the body?
- Light receptors.
- Taste receptors.
- Chemical receptors.
- Sound receptors.
- Touch receptors.
What is a stimulus?
A stimulus is a change in internal/ external environment that the body must react to. eg. Glucose concentration/ temperature of skin.
What part of the body is bypassed in the reflex arc?
The brain is bypassed in the reflex arc.
What are simple and conditioned reflexes?
Simple reflexes are ones that the body does naturally.
Conditioned reflexes are ones that people are learnt.
What is a reflex response?
A reflex response is a rapid response to a stimulus to keep our body safe.
What is an effector?
An effector is a muscle/ gland that carries out a particular response.
- Gland secreting hormone.
- Muscle contracting.
What moves across a synapse?
A chemical transmitter called a neurotransmitter diffuses across a synapse.
Explain in full detail what the nerve cell’s adaptations.
Dendrites - increase the surface area so that other neurons contact easily.
Axon - Very long to carry electrical impulses.
Myelin sheath - Insulates the electrical impulses.
Synapses - Junctions which allow impulses to move from one nerve cell to another.
What is a neurotransmitter?
A neurotransmitter is a chemical involved in passing electrical impulses from one neuron to another.
What is an effector?
An effector is a muscle/ gland that responds to an attacked stimulant.
What are the parts involved in the reflex arc.
Stimulus –> Sesnory neurone –> Relay neurone –> motor neurone —> Effector —> Response
