Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Year 9 > Atoms and Elements > Flashcards

Atoms and Elements Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an atom ?

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an element ?

A

A substance made up of one type of atom only, having the same number of protons in each nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a compound ?

A

A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements (in fixed portions) , chemically combined.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a molecule ?

A

A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds called covalent bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an ion ?

A

Electrically charged particle, formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What charge does an electron have ?

A

A negative charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When are ionic compounds formed ?

A

When non - metals react with metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are two non - metal ions that have a positive charge ?

A

H+ (hydrogen) and NH4+ (ammonium )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond between non-metals. When they share electrons to gain a full outer shell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

A bond between metals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond between a metal and non-metal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the metals in the reactivity series?

A

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, aluminium, CARBON, Zinc, Iron, HYDROGEN, Copper, Silver, Gold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons - equal to the number of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain why electrons and protons are equal.

A

Protons have a positive charge, whereas electrons have a negative charge so they must cancel each other out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms from the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you know if something makes a positive ion?

A
  • Lose electrons.
  • Metals form positive ions.
  • They have more protons than electrons.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you know if something makes a negative ion?

A
  • Gains electrons.
  • Non-metals form negative ions.
  • They have more electrons than protons.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What non-metals exist as molecules?

A

I Bring Clay For Our New House.
Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to oppositely charged ions?

A

They are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces to form an ionic compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the structure of the ionic bonds called?

A

Giant ionic lattices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

A
  • High melting/ boiling points. Electrostatic forces require a lot of heat to break.
  • Cannot conduct electricity, particles cannot move.
  • They can conduct electricity when melted/ dissolved in water because the ions can move around.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What ions have higher forces between them?

A

Ions with a higher charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the period number tell you?

A

The period number tells you the number of electron shells/ energy levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the group number tell you?

A

The group number tells you the number of electrons on the outermost shell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

The atomic number tells you the total amount of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?

A

The chemical formula for sulphuric acid is H2SO4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

The chemical formula for nitric acid is HNO3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the products of acid and metal reacting?

A

Acid + metal —-> salt +hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to neutralize it and produce salt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Give two chemical properties of metals?

A
  • They lose electrons to form positive ions.
  • Metal-oxides are basic - they react with an acid to produce salt+ water.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Give two chemical properties of non-metals?

A
  • They gain electrons to form negative ions.
  • Non - metal oxides are acidic - they react with a base to produce salt +water.
33
Q

What are the boiling and melting points of metals?

A

Metals have high melting and boiling points.

34
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of non-metals?

A

Non - metals have low melting and boiling points.

35
Q

What does the density mean?

A

Density means the mass of particles in a certain volume.

36
Q

What does sonorous mean?

A

A substance that makes a sound when hit.

37
Q

What does ductile mean?

A

Materials that can easily be bent/ drawn into wires.

38
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A displacement reaction is when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compounds.

39
Q

What do we call the insoluble solid left behind in filtration?

A

Residue

40
Q

What is filtration?

A

A separation technique that separates an insoluble solid from a liquid eg. sand and water.

41
Q

What is a solute?

A

What is dissolving in a mixture.

42
Q

What is a solvent?

A

What the solute is dissolving in.

43
Q

What is a solution?

A

The solute+ solvent mixture.

44
Q

What is evaporation/crystallization?

A

Evaporation is a separating technique that produces crystals by dissolving a solvent.

45
Q

What is simple distillation?

A

Separating technique used to separate a solvent from a solution. Useful for producing pure water from sea water.

46
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100 degrees celcius.

47
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Separating technique used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids. eg. crude oil.

48
Q

Give an example of crystallization?

A

Producing copper sulphate crystals from copper sulphate solution.

49
Q

In Fractional distillation, what substance is collected at the bottom of the column?

A

The one with the highest boiling point.

50
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only.

51
Q

What is pure ice’s melting point?

A

0 degrees celcius.

52
Q

When does a pure substance boil/melt?

A

It boils/melts at a specific temperature.

53
Q

What are two ways of collecting liquids from a column in fractional distillation?

A
  • Collect different liquids from different parts of the column. The highest boiling point is at the bottom and the lowest boiling point is at the top.
  • Continue to heat mixture - a substance with the lowest boiling point is collected first.
54
Q

What are positively charged ions called?

A

Cations.

55
Q

What are negatively charged ions called?

A

Anions.

56
Q

How do you know if the predicted state is solid?

A

Given temperature< melting point.

57
Q

How do you know if the predicted state is liquid?

A

Given temperature between melting and boiling points.

58
Q

What are the group 0 elements known as?

A

Noble gases.

59
Q

What is the boiling point of noble gases?

A
  • Low boiling points.
  • Boiling point increases as you go down the group as intermolecular forces become stronger/ the atoms are larger.
60
Q

Explain why noble gases are inert.

A

Noble gases have a full outer shell of electrons, meaning it has no tendency to lose or gain electrons. They also don’t share electrons to form molecules.

61
Q

Give 3 physical properties of the group 1 elements.

A
  • Soft (can be cut with a knife.)
  • low melting point (decreases as you go down)
  • Low density
62
Q

What is the melting point of alkali metals?

A
  • Low melting points.
  • Decreases as you go down the group.
63
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

How a substance reacts with other substances.

64
Q

What are the products of an alkali metal reacting with water?

A

Alkali metal + water - metal hydroxide + hydrogen

65
Q

What is the chemical symbol for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

66
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

Aqueous means something that can be dissolved in water.

67
Q

What bases are alkali?

A

Bases that dissolve in water (aq)

68
Q

How are alkali metals like typical metals?

A
  • they are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • They are shiny when first cut.
69
Q

What colour would sodium hydroxide turn with a universal indicator?

A

It will turn blue/ purple as it is an alkali - and all alkalis are bases.

70
Q

What group 1 elements float in water?

A
  • Lithium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
    Have low density
    Density increases as you go down the group
71
Q

Why does the reactivity of group 1 metals increase as you go down the group?

A

The outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus and therefore electron can be lost easily.
Greater distance between the positive nucleus and negative electron
The outer electron is shielded from the nucleus by internal energy levels.

72
Q

What are three substances that react quickly with group 1 elements and what do they form?

A
  • Chlorine (Metal chloride.)
  • Oxygen (Metal oxide.)
  • Water (Metal hydroxide + hydrogen)
73
Q

What state are most non - metals at room temperature?

A

Unreactive gas.

74
Q

What do halogens exist as?

A

Simple molecules.

75
Q

What are the melting/ boiling points of group 7 elements?

A
  • Low melting/ boiling points
  • They increase as you go down the group
76
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance that can react with acids and neutralise them.

77
Q

How do you know if the predicted state is a gas?

A

Given temperature> boiling point.

78
Q

How do you know the number of covalent bonds an element forms?

A

8 - Group number
Eg. Carbon 8-4 = 4 covalent bonds
4 pairs

79
Q

Why are covalent bonds very strong?

A
  • The nuclei of both elements are strongly attracted to the covalent bond.
  • Requires a lot of energy to break the covalent bond

Science Year 9 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions