Cells

Question 1

Give the function and adaptation of red blood cells.

Answer 1

• Carry oxygen from lungs to cells and tissues for aerobic respiration
• Biconcaved shape –> large surface area for oxygen to pass through (diffusion.)
• Contains hemoglobin which binds to oxygen.
• Has no nucleus for more space for hemoglobin
• Very flexible so it can move through narrow blood vessels.

Question 2

What is the function and adaptation of the nerve cell?

Answer 2

• To carry electrical impulses.
• Long axon (carries electrical impulses from one part of body to another.)
• Myelin sheath (insulates axon) - speeds up transmission of nerve impulses.
• Synapses (junctions that allow impulses to pass from one nerve cell to another.)
• Dendrites (increase the surface area so that other nerve cells can connect more easily.)

Question 3

What are stomata?

Answer 3

Stomata are tiny holes in epidermis who control water loss/ exchange of gases

Question 4

If a plant is in a desert environment, will the guard cells be open or closed?

Answer 4

They would be closed so that the water can be kept in the plant.

Question 5

How do you differ from a plant cell and a root hair cell?

Answer 5

• Root hair cell has root hair.

- Root hair has no chloroplasts.

Question 6

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 6

Xylem are dead cells that transport water up the plant.

Question 7

Why does the xylem have no cytoplasm and no end walls?

Answer 7

So it forms a continuous tube that can carry the water

Question 8

What is the xylem strengthened by in the cell wall?

Answer 8

It is strengthened by lignin, which is a tough, waterproof substance.

Question 9

In plants, what are leaves examples of?

Answer 9

Leaves are examples of organs.

Question 10

What is the function and adaptation of the muscle cell?

Answer 10

To make movement possible.
Have a lot of mitochondria for respiration which allows the muscle to contract and make movement possible.
Contain protein fibers, contract when energy is available - making the cells shorter.

Question 11

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 11

• Controls any activity in the cell.

- Contains genetic information.

Question 12

What are cells?

Answer 12

Cells are the basic building blocks of life.

Question 13

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 13

Mitochondria is where energy is released, where aerobic respiration takes place.

Question 14

What is the function and adaptation of the female egg cell?

Answer 14

• Join with male cell/ provide nutrients for new cell formed.
• Large.
• Contains lots of cytoplasms packed with nutrients.

Question 15

Why do sperm cells have minimal cytoplasms?

Answer 15

Sperm cells have a thin layer of cytoplasm so they can move as efficiently as possible.

Question 16

What is the smallest cell in the body?

Answer 16

The sperm cell is the smallest cell in the body.

Question 17

What is the function and adaptation of a leaf cell?

Answer 17

Leaf cells absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.

• Large surface area.
• Lots of chloroplasts.

Question 18

What does the phloem in plants do?

Answer 18

The phloem transports food in a plant.

Question 19

How many chromosomes does each gamete cell have?

Answer 19

Each gamete cell has 23 chromosomes. F

Question 20

What do plant epidermal cells do?

Answer 20

Plant epidermal cells create a protective layer to ensure that no water is lost. Can be at the lower epidermis or upper epidermis.

Question 21

What is the function and adaptation of the ciliated epithelial cell?

Answer 21

• Pushes and moves mucus from one place to another.
• It has cilia which move mucus up the trachea (trapping dirt) and moves egg along the oviduct.
• Many mitochondria in cells release energy from food to make the cilia move.

Question 22

Give three ways the sperm cell is specialized.

Answer 22

• Acrosome has a lot of enzymes so can penetrate the egg.
• Long-tail for swimming.
• A lot of mitochondria for energy for swimming.

Question 23

What are epithelial cells?

Answer 23

Epithelial cells are cells on the lining of an organ.

Question 24

What is the function of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 24

In plant cells, the permanent vacuole contains cell sap which keeps it turgid.

Question 25

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 25

A single-celled organism.

Question 26

Where do protozoa live?

Answer 26

• Live in damp places.

- The amoeba is an example of one.