Comm. & Infec. Diseases Ch. 26 Flashcards
A major predisposing factor to the development of neonatal sepsis?
immature epidermal layer (p. 287)
Which immune response is not full developed in peds?
inflammatory response (p. 287)
What percentage of deaths in the late neonatal period are from sepsis?
50% (p. 287)
Which type of meningitis is more serious?
Bacterial
What is the mortality rate from meningococcal meningitis?
10-15% (p.288)
Meningitis age range
younger than 4years old , peaks at 3-8 mos.
Describe the action of steroids in meningitis?
can lead to decreased ABX penetration into CSF, used on case by case basis.
S/SX of meningitis in infants
may not exhibit classic signs, signs are vague
S/SX of meningitis in children (7)
- fever
- headache
- stiff neck
- spasm of neck and spine (Opisthotomos)
- generalized seizures in up to 33%
- DIC
- petechiae and purpura
Long term sequala of meningitis (4)
deafness, developmental delay, paralyzed muscles, seizures
How is measles spread?
airborne stays aloft for up to 2 hours, High nT,
Measles S/Sx
Three Cs
- cough, coryza (runny nose), conjunctivitis
- Koplik spots– small blue-white spots in the mouth
Measles incubation period
7-14 days
How long does the measles rash last?
5-6 days
Describe measles rash spread
downward and outward, starting at hairline, then face and neck.
WHO recommends what medication to treat measles?
Vitamin A
How does measles affect pregnant women?
Causes birth defects
What is one complication of mumps?
orchitis in 3-10 % of males
Isolation precautions for chicken pox
airborne
Other names for measles
rubeola
Most common reason for chicken pox hospitalization?
secondary bacterial infection from scratching
Coxsackie virus infection routes
fecal oral and airborne
Coxsackie virus causes what health issues
Type A HFMD, meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis
How might HFMD affect finger and toe nails
they may fall off
Fifth disease cause and signs
caused by Parvovirus creates a “slapped cheek” rash
Hepatitis incubations periods
can be quite long
A- 15-50d
B- 45-160d
C- 14-180d
What amount of children with Hep A do not have symptoms?
a majority (p. 294)
What percentage of HBV infections become chronic?
90%
How long can EBV fatigue last
6 mos or more
What med to avoid with EBV
amoxicillin, it can cause a rash
What DC teaching is needed with EBV
avoid contact sports due to possible spleenommegaly
What causes impetigo
group A strep or staph
What are the 2 presentations of impetigo
bullous and non-bullous
What part of the body does bullous impetigo affect?
trunk and buttocks
What causes rheumatic fever
strep throat
Consequence of acute rheumatic fever
permanent heart valve damage
Rheumatic fever S/Sx (7)
- carditis
- joint pain
- muscle weakness
- purposeless movements of the arms and legs (chorea)
- fascicultations
- elevated ESR & CRP
- prolonged P-R interval
How is Acute Rheumatoid fever Chorea treated (4 ways)?
- valporic acid,
- IgG,
- steroids,
- plasmapheresis,
What is the med of choice to manage fever and joint pain in Acute Rheumatic Fever?
aspirin
How is carditis treated in ARF
diuretics , steroids may also be used
What is PANDAS
pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with strep infections
What are some of the S/Sx of PANDAS (6)?
- OCD
- tics
- emotional lability
- sleep disorders
- joint pain
- motor skill deterioration
