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ENPC > Breathing and Ventilation > Flashcards

Breathing and Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

PRIMARY B Breathing and Ventilation Assessment

A
  1. Look
    a. are they breathing? Is it adequate?
    b. rate/rythm/rise–depth and symmetry (R3DS)
    c. posture? (tripod, sniffing, head bobbing )
    d. retraction/nasal flaring
    e. injuries (LACE, flail)
  2. Listen
    a. sounds? (snoring/wheezing/grunting/gurgling/stridor
    b. equal on auscualtion? decreased?
  3. Feel
    a. crepitus
    b. SC empysema
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2
Q

Breathing and ventilation Interventions (4)

A
  1. postion to < WOB
  2. provide O2
  3. support respiration with BVM
  4. Intubate
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3
Q

PRIMARY C Circulation Assessment

A

LOOK 4 Cs (color, carotid, clammy, cap refill)

  1. uncontrolled bleeding
  2. skin color
  3. cap refill < 2 sec.
    FEEL
  4. warmth/cool
  5. dry/clammy
  6. central and peripheral pulses
    - brachial infant
    - carotid or femoral > 1 yo
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4
Q 
Circulation Interventions (3)  
bolus amount and rate for NEO and child
A
  1. control bleeding
  2. INFANT fluid bolus 20ml/kg over 5-10 min. x 2 then blood
  3. NEO 5-10 ml/kg over 10-20 min.
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5
Q

Fluid bolus amounts for NEO

A

5-10 ml/kg over 10-20 min

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6
Q

Fluid bolus amount for Infants

A

20 ml/kg over 5-10 min x 2 , then consider blood

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7
Q

How do you perform a Disability assessment under Primary Survey D?

A

Pedi GCS, if intubated FOUR Score

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8
Q

PRIMARY A Alertness and airway assessment criteria?

A
  1. AVPU
  2. Inspect airway patency
    - breathing/talking/crying
    - tongue/teeth/trash occlusions
    - edema of tongue/lips
    - positioning (tripod/sniffing/bobbing)
    - drooling
    - abnormal sounds (wheeze/stridor/f]grunting/
    - dysphagia
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9
Q

Pediatric GCS

A
  1. eye opening
  2. verbal response
  3. motor response
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10
Q

Primary Assessment E

A

Expose/environment

  1. undress and inspect
  2. keep warm
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11
Q

Primary Assessment F

A

Full set of vital and family presence

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12
Q

Primary Assessment G

A

Get Adjuncts

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13
Q

LMNOP

A
  1. labs
  2. monitors
  3. NG/OG tube
  4. oxygen
  5. pain assessment and control
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14
Q

What is assessed in the Secondary Survey H? Name two mneumonics to help with the assessment.

A

Head to Toe and History

SAMPLE/MIST

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15
Q

SAMPLE/MIST

A 
signs and symptoms of illness or injury
allergies
medications
past med HX
last intake/output
Mechanism of injury 
injury sustained
signs and symptoms in field
treatment in feild
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16
Q

Secondary survey I and considerations?

A

Inspect posterior surfaces

  • may need XR clearance
  • assess pelvis first
  • log roll not best practice
  • immobilize c-spine
17
Q

What is the Tertiary survey?

A

“complete summation of all signs of illness or injury identified in the 1* and 2* survey “

18
Q

What does the “IT CRIES(S)” mneumonic stand for and what is it designed to assess?

A

Possible causes of crying in an infant when no obvious cause is noted `
infection
trauma
cardiac
reflux
insect bites/immunizations
eye issue
surgical –intucesption. volvus
strangulation- hair tourniquet
~~~

19
Q

What does the TEN-4-FACES mneumonic stand for and what does it assess?

A

In a child less than 4 mos injuries to

Torso / ear / neck
Frenulum
auricle(e
cheek
eyelid
sclera

increased likelyhood of abuse as a cause
20
Q

Five types or locations of suspicious fractures?

A
  1. non-ambulating child
  2. bucket handle
  3. corner fx
  4. ribs
  5. skull >3mm wide
21
Q

Pinpoint Pupils

A
  1. opiod ingestion

2. pontine lesion

22
Q

What is one cause of Nystagmus?

A

cerebellar injury

23
Q

H’s (5)

A
  1. hypovolemia
  2. hypoglycemia
  3. hypothermia
  4. hydrogen ions (acidosis)
  5. hypo/er kalemia
24
Q

What are the four T’s of the “Hs and Ts” mnemonic?

A
  1. tamponade
  2. tension pneumo
  3. toxins
  4. thrombosis
25
Q

What does the “SIREN” mneumonic stand for and what does it address?

A

TOXIN/POISONING response
1. stabilize
2. identify toxin
3. reverse agent
4. eliminate
5. notify specialist and poison control

26
Q

What does the “OLD/CARTS” mneumonic stand for and what does it assess?

A

Pain assessment
1. onset
2. location.
3. duration
4. charateristics
5. aggravating factors
6. relieving factors
7. treatment
8. severity

27
Q

What does the SLUDGE menumonic stand for?

A
  1. salivation
  2. lacrimation
  3. urination
  4. defecation
  5. GI upset
  6. emesis
28
Q

DUMBBELLS

A
  1. diarrhea/diaphoresis
  2. urination
  3. miosis (constricted pupils)
  4. bradycardia
  5. broncorrhea
  6. emesis
  7. lacrimation
  8. lethargy
  9. salivation
29
Q

Which toxidrome is SLUDGE/DUMBELLS mneumonic used to assess?

A

organophosphates/ cholinergic toxidrome

30
Q

Uncuffedd ETT size formula

A

(age in yrs./4) +4

31
Q

Cuffed ETT size formula

A

(age in yrs. /4) + 3.5

32
Q

Fluids for burns

A

for patients under 40kg
3ml/kg/% surface area burned
1/2 over 8 hours from TIME OF BURN
1/2 over 16 hours

33
Q

6 Ps of compartment syndrome?

A
  1. pain
  2. pallor
  3. pulses
  4. parathesia
  5. paralysis
  6. pressure

coolness–poikilothermia- inablity to maintain temprature

34
Q

Normal eye pH

A

7.0-7.3

35
Q

Four S/SX of a thoracic cord injury above T7?

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. hypotension
  3. vasodilation- warm/pink skin
  4. temperature instability
36
Q

What might an Injury at c3-c5 cause and why?

A
  1. loss of phrenic nerve
  2. paralyzes diaphragm
  3. inability to breath

ENPC (35 decks)

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