Colorectal and anal cancers Flashcards
1
Q
Types of colorectal?
A
Adenoma/adenocarcinoma
2
Q
Risk factors for colorectal?
A
Red meat Low fiber diet Smoking IBD Familial adenoma polyposis (FAP) Lynch syndrome
3
Q
Differentiation systems for colorectal?
A
Normal TNM staging
Duke’s system
4
Q
Colorectal symptoms?
A
Anaemia Pain Change in bowel habits Tenesmus Abdominal mass (concerning)
5
Q
Investigations for colorectal cancer?
A
- Colonscopy/flexible sigmoidoscopy
- Pill endoscopy
- CT colonography
6
Q
Management of colorectal cancer?
A
-Surgery
-Chemo (limited use)
-Radiotherapy
(Often used adjuvant or post surgery)
7
Q
Aim of surgery for CR?
A
Principally cut it out
8
Q
Types of surgery for CR?
A
- Right hemicolectomy
- Extended right hemicolectomy
- Transverse colectomy
- Left helicomectomy
- Sigmoid colectomy
- Subtotal colectomy
9
Q
Surgical principles of CR?
A
Maintain good blood supply ****
10
Q
What can cancers of the anus be?
A
Cancers of anus can be adenocarcinomas from colon or SCC from adjacent skin
11
Q
What type of management is most commonly used?
A
Local excision
-Ensure to maintain function of sphincter & cosmesis
