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Year Club 2023 GI > Anatomy of Stomach > Flashcards

Anatomy of Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Areas of the stomach?

A

Fundus
Cardia
Body
Pylorus

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2
Q

Mechanical regions of the stomach?

A

Orad

Caudad

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3
Q

3 Phases of gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

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4
Q

Describe the cephalic phase?

A

It is before the food reaches the stomach

- Increased HCL secretion

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5
Q

Describe the gastric phase?

A

Stomach distension causes increase in HCL secretion via mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

Describe when the intestinal phase occurs?

A

Occurs after food has left the stomach

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7
Q

3 secretagogues that induce HCl secretion?

A

ACh
Gastrin
Histamine

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8
Q

What does ACh do?

A

Activates parietal cells

Inhibits D cells

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9
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Activates parietal cells

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10
Q

What doe histamine do?

A

Activates parietal cells to secret HCl

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11
Q

What do secretagogues do?

A

Induce HCl secretion by activating parietal cells

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12
Q

Describe the hypothalamic control of hunger which stimulates appetite?

A

Orexigenic neurons go to the feeding centre in the lateral hypothalamic area

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13
Q

Orexigenic neurones stimulate/inhibit?appetite??

A

Stimulate

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14
Q

Which neurones inhibit appetite?

A

Anorexiogenic neurons

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15
Q

Describe hypothalamic control of hunger which inhibits appetite?

A

Anorexiogenic neurones go to satiety centre in the ventromedial nuclei and inhibit appetite

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16
Q

Where is the vomiting centre?

A

In the medulla

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17
Q

Different stimuli for vomiting?

A

Toxins
Mechanical
Motion

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18
Q

What supplies the stomach?

A

All blood comes from the coeliac trunk

19
Q

Which arteries run along the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Right and left gastric arteries

20
Q

Which arteries run along the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Right and left gastro-omental arteries

21
Q

Gastrin fact file?
Cell?
Location?
Role?

A
  • G cell
  • Gastric antrum/duodenum
  • H+ secretion, decreases stomach contractions, delays gastric emptying to aid digestion
22
Q

Role of gastrin?

A

H+ secretion > decreases stomach contractions > which delays gastric emptying > to aid digestion

23
Q

CCK fact file?
Cell?
Location?

A

I (i) cell

Duodenum/ jejunum

24
Q

Role of CCK?

A
  • Bile secretion
  • Satiety
  • Pancreatic enzymes (lipase)
25
Q

Secretin fact file?
Cell?
Location?

A
  • S cell

- Duodenum

26
Q

Role of secretin?

A

HCO3- secretion

27
Q

Motilin fact file?
Cell?
Location?

A
  • M cell

- Duodenum/jejunum

28
Q

Role of motilin?

A

Initiates MMC (migrating motor complex) during fasting state

29
Q

GIP fact file?
Cell?
Location?

A
  • K cell

- Duodenum/jejunum

30
Q

Role of GIP?

A

Insulin release form pancreatic B cells

31
Q

GLP-1 Fact file?
Role?
Location?

A
  • L cell

- Bowel

32
Q

Role of GLP-1 ?

A

Promotes insulin secretion & inhibits glucagon

33
Q

Ghrelin fact file?
Cell?
Location?

A

Gr cell

Gastric antrum/small bowel

34
Q

Role of Ghrelin?

A

Stimulates hunger

35
Q

Somatostatin fact file?
Cell?
Location?

A

D cell

Pyloric glands

36
Q

Role of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits HCl secretion

37
Q

Fact file of pepsinogen?

A

Chief cell

Oxyntic mucosa

38
Q

Role of pepsinogen?

A

Combines with HCl to form pepsin and break down protein

39
Q

Histamine fact file?

A

Enterochromaffin like cell

Oxyntic mucosa

40
Q

Role of histamine?

A

Stimulated HCl

41
Q

Gastroferrin fact file?

A

Parietal cell

Oxyntic mucosa

42
Q

Role of gastroferrin?

A

B12 & Fe 2+ absorption

43
Q

Leptin fact file?

A

Apidpose cell

Adipose cell

44
Q

Role of leptin?

A

Inhibits hinger

Year Club 2023 GI (26 decks)

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