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Year Club 2023 GI > Anatomy of Upper GI tract to Abdomen Wall > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper GI tract to Abdomen Wall Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles of mastication?

A

4 muscles

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2
Q

Name the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

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3
Q

Which muscles open the mouth? And what else helps them?

A

Lateral pterygoid

-Gravity

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4
Q

What are the muscles of mastication supplied by?

A

CN V3

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5
Q

Where does mouth movement occur?

A

TMJ

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6
Q

`What is the superior oral cavity supplied by?

A

CN V2

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7
Q

What is the inferior oral cavity supplied by?

A

CN V3

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8
Q

What is orbicularis oris supplied by?

A

CN VII

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9
Q

Explain the nerve supply of the gag reflex?

A

Motor supply CN XI & CN X

Sensory supply CN IX

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10
Q

3 Saliva glands?

A

Parotid
Sub-mandibular
Sublingual

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11
Q

Where does each gland secrete into?

A

Parotid- mouth by upper 2nd molar
Sub-mand= enters floor fo mouh and secretes via lingual caruncle
Sub-lingual= floor of mouth secretes via several ducts superiorly

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12
Q

Parotid supplied by?

A

CN IX

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13
Q

Sub-mandibular supplied by?

A

CN VII

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14
Q

Sub-lingual supplied by?

A

CN VII

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15
Q

Describe posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Vertical section

Innervated by CN IX for taste and general sensation

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16
Q

Describe anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Horizontal portion

  • CN VII supplies taste
  • CN V3 supplies general sensory
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17
Q

Different types of papillae?

A

Foliate
Vallate
Fungiform
Filiform

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18
Q

Which papillae has no taste buds?

A

Filiform- they just have touch and temperature

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19
Q

Describe position the different papillae?

A

Follate- back edge
Vallate- very back V
Fungiform-Middle of tongue
Filiform- tip of tongue

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20
Q

What changes position of tongue?

A

Extrinsic muscles

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21
Q

How many pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles are there?

A

4

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22
Q

4 intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus

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23
Q

What are all tongue muscles innervated by? Which the exception?

A

CN XII EXCEPT

Palatoglossus- innervated by CN X

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24
Q

Role of mouth and oropharynx?

A

Chop up, lubricate and deliver food to oesophagus

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25
Q

What is the pharynx made up of?

A

Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx

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26
Q

Where are the tonsils and what are they?

A

Pharynx

Lymphoid tissue

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27
Q

What are the constrictor (outer layers) muscles of the pharynx innervated by?

A

CN X Vagus nerve

28
Q

What are the inner-layer pharynx muscles innervated by?

A

CN X & CNIX

They elevate the larynx and shorten pharynx for swallowing

29
Q

UOS is largely responsible fro prevention of Gastric reflux. True or False?

A

FALSE

LOS

30
Q

Where does oesophagus pass through diaphragm?

A

T10 and then enters into the stomach

31
Q

Where Vena Cava, Oesophagus and aortic hiatus pass through diaphragm?

A

I ate 10 Eggs At 12
(IVC-T8, Esophagus-T10 & Aorta= T12)
0R
VENA CAVA has 8 letters. Oesophagus has 10 and AORTIC HIATUS has 12.

32
Q

Layers of the digestive tract wall?

A

Mucosa
ubmucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia (Serosa)

33
Q

What does an oesphageal plexus do?

A

Runs on the surface to supply smooth muscles in the wall. Parasympathetic speeds up and vice versa with sympathetic

34
Q

Muscle layers in upper 1/3 vs lower 2/3?

A 
Upper= striated skeletal 
Lower= Smooth muscle
35
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave of relaxation followed by contraction triggered by gut wall distension

36
Q

What is peristalsis controlled by?

A

Enteric Nervous System

37
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus present?

A

Muscularis mucosae between circular and longitudinal

38
Q

What cells are in myenteric plexus?

A

ICC Pacemakers

39
Q

Peristaltic contractions occur when?

A

ENS depolarizes by opening Ca2+ channels to achieve threshold

40
Q

What determines the rate of peristaltic contraction?

A

The slow wave

41
Q

Circular muscle contract behind the bolus in peristaltic contractions. True or False?

A

True

42
Q

Contraction/Relaxation of muscles in peristalsis caused by?

A

ACh

Relaxation caused by NO & VIP

43
Q

What is a peritoneum?

A

Continuous membrane that lines abdominal cavity walls and organs.
There is a visceral and parietal peritoneum and the gap between these is called the peritoneal cavity

44
Q

Examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A 
Liver 
GB 
Stomach 
Spleen 
Transverse colon 
Small bowel
45
Q

Describe intraperitoneal organs?

A

Covered in visceral peritoneum, minimal mobility

46
Q

Describe retroperitoneal organs?

A

Only has visceral peritoneum on anterior surface, no mobility

47
Q

Examples of retroperitoneal organs?

A

Kidneys
Pancreas
Ascending and descending colon

48
Q

Describe organs within mesentery?

A

Visceral peritoneum wraps around organ to form double layer, very mobile.
Mesentery has Blood supply and lymphatics

49
Q

Examples of within mesentery organs?

A

Small bowel
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

50
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Fold of visceral peritoneum?

51
Q

Where is the greater omentum?

A

Hangs down from stomach, extend from greater curvature of stomach.
It passes infront of small bowel and doubles back up to transverse colon ending in posterior abdomen wall. 4 Layers

52
Q

What extends from the liver?

A

The lesser omentum

53
Q

Where does portal triad lie?

A

On the free edge of the lesser omentum

54
Q

The omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into?

A

Sacs

Greater and lesser

55
Q

How doe greater and lesser sac commiunicate?

A

Omental foreman (foreman of winslow)

56
Q

What does the greater sac contain that lesser deosnt?

A

Subphrenic recess and hepatorenal recess

57
Q

Pouches for males?

A

Recto-vesicular pouch

58
Q

Pouches for females?

A

Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

Vesico-uterine pouch

59
Q

Nerves in the abdominal wall?

A

Somatic sensory nerves
Somatic motor nerves
Sympathetic nerve fibres

60
Q

Visceral afferents?

A
  • Run alongside sympathetic fibres to spinal cords

- Pain from these can be refered pain

61
Q

Where can liver pain be referred to? where can pancreatic pain be referred to?

A

Right shoulder- liver

Back- pancreatic

62
Q

ANS- sympathetic?

A

From the abdominosplanchnic nerves, which synapse at pre-vertebral ganglia then travel with arteries (peri-arterial plexus)

63
Q

ANS- parasympathetic?

A

presynaptic nerves travel on the oesophagus, then via periarterial plexus.

64
Q

What supplies colon and anal canal?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves S2,3,4)

65
Q

Explain appendicitis pain?

A

Initially generalized dull epigastric pain., which then becomes sharp and localized to lower right quadrant

  • Visceral afferent nerves cause general pain
  • Appendix becomes more inflammed and parietal peritoneum & abdo wall become involved.
66
Q

Abdominal wall muscles superficial to deep?

A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis

Year Club 2023 GI (26 decks)

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