Anatomy of Upper GI tract to Abdomen Wall Flashcards
How many muscles of mastication?
4 muscles
Name the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Which muscles open the mouth? And what else helps them?
Lateral pterygoid
-Gravity
What are the muscles of mastication supplied by?
CN V3
Where does mouth movement occur?
TMJ
`What is the superior oral cavity supplied by?
CN V2
What is the inferior oral cavity supplied by?
CN V3
What is orbicularis oris supplied by?
CN VII
Explain the nerve supply of the gag reflex?
Motor supply CN XI & CN X
Sensory supply CN IX
3 Saliva glands?
Parotid
Sub-mandibular
Sublingual
Where does each gland secrete into?
Parotid- mouth by upper 2nd molar
Sub-mand= enters floor fo mouh and secretes via lingual caruncle
Sub-lingual= floor of mouth secretes via several ducts superiorly
Parotid supplied by?
CN IX
Sub-mandibular supplied by?
CN VII
Sub-lingual supplied by?
CN VII
Describe posterior 1/3 of tongue?
Vertical section
Innervated by CN IX for taste and general sensation
Describe anterior 2/3 of tongue?
Horizontal portion
- CN VII supplies taste
- CN V3 supplies general sensory
Different types of papillae?
Foliate
Vallate
Fungiform
Filiform
Which papillae has no taste buds?
Filiform- they just have touch and temperature
Describe position the different papillae?
Follate- back edge
Vallate- very back V
Fungiform-Middle of tongue
Filiform- tip of tongue
What changes position of tongue?
Extrinsic muscles
How many pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles are there?
4
4 intrinsic tongue muscles?
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
What are all tongue muscles innervated by? Which the exception?
CN XII EXCEPT
Palatoglossus- innervated by CN X
Role of mouth and oropharynx?
Chop up, lubricate and deliver food to oesophagus
What is the pharynx made up of?
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Where are the tonsils and what are they?
Pharynx
Lymphoid tissue
What are the constrictor (outer layers) muscles of the pharynx innervated by?
CN X Vagus nerve
What are the inner-layer pharynx muscles innervated by?
CN X & CNIX
They elevate the larynx and shorten pharynx for swallowing
UOS is largely responsible fro prevention of Gastric reflux. True or False?
FALSE
LOS
Where does oesophagus pass through diaphragm?
T10 and then enters into the stomach
Where Vena Cava, Oesophagus and aortic hiatus pass through diaphragm?
I ate 10 Eggs At 12
(IVC-T8, Esophagus-T10 & Aorta= T12)
0R
VENA CAVA has 8 letters. Oesophagus has 10 and AORTIC HIATUS has 12.
Layers of the digestive tract wall?
Mucosa
ubmucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia (Serosa)
What does an oesphageal plexus do?
Runs on the surface to supply smooth muscles in the wall. Parasympathetic speeds up and vice versa with sympathetic
Muscle layers in upper 1/3 vs lower 2/3?
Upper= striated skeletal Lower= Smooth muscle
What is peristalsis?
Wave of relaxation followed by contraction triggered by gut wall distension
What is peristalsis controlled by?
Enteric Nervous System
Where is the myenteric plexus present?
Muscularis mucosae between circular and longitudinal
What cells are in myenteric plexus?
ICC Pacemakers
Peristaltic contractions occur when?
ENS depolarizes by opening Ca2+ channels to achieve threshold
What determines the rate of peristaltic contraction?
The slow wave
Circular muscle contract behind the bolus in peristaltic contractions. True or False?
True
Contraction/Relaxation of muscles in peristalsis caused by?
ACh
Relaxation caused by NO & VIP
What is a peritoneum?
Continuous membrane that lines abdominal cavity walls and organs.
There is a visceral and parietal peritoneum and the gap between these is called the peritoneal cavity
Examples of intraperitoneal organs?
Liver GB Stomach Spleen Transverse colon Small bowel
Describe intraperitoneal organs?
Covered in visceral peritoneum, minimal mobility
Describe retroperitoneal organs?
Only has visceral peritoneum on anterior surface, no mobility
Examples of retroperitoneal organs?
Kidneys
Pancreas
Ascending and descending colon
Describe organs within mesentery?
Visceral peritoneum wraps around organ to form double layer, very mobile.
Mesentery has Blood supply and lymphatics
Examples of within mesentery organs?
Small bowel
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
What is the omentum?
Fold of visceral peritoneum?
Where is the greater omentum?
Hangs down from stomach, extend from greater curvature of stomach.
It passes infront of small bowel and doubles back up to transverse colon ending in posterior abdomen wall. 4 Layers
What extends from the liver?
The lesser omentum
Where does portal triad lie?
On the free edge of the lesser omentum
The omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into?
Sacs
Greater and lesser
How doe greater and lesser sac commiunicate?
Omental foreman (foreman of winslow)
What does the greater sac contain that lesser deosnt?
Subphrenic recess and hepatorenal recess
Pouches for males?
Recto-vesicular pouch
Pouches for females?
Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)
Vesico-uterine pouch
Nerves in the abdominal wall?
Somatic sensory nerves
Somatic motor nerves
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Visceral afferents?
- Run alongside sympathetic fibres to spinal cords
- Pain from these can be refered pain
Where can liver pain be referred to? where can pancreatic pain be referred to?
Right shoulder- liver
Back- pancreatic
ANS- sympathetic?
From the abdominosplanchnic nerves, which synapse at pre-vertebral ganglia then travel with arteries (peri-arterial plexus)
ANS- parasympathetic?
presynaptic nerves travel on the oesophagus, then via periarterial plexus.
What supplies colon and anal canal?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves S2,3,4)
Explain appendicitis pain?
Initially generalized dull epigastric pain., which then becomes sharp and localized to lower right quadrant
- Visceral afferent nerves cause general pain
- Appendix becomes more inflammed and parietal peritoneum & abdo wall become involved.
Abdominal wall muscles superficial to deep?
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
- Rectus abdominis
