Colon malignancy and polyps Flashcards
What are the risk factors for colon malignancy and polyps
Family history
IBD
Diabetes
Diet high in red meats
Obesity
Smoking
Alcohol
Age
Gender - Men>women
Race - Black>other
What are the risk factors for colon malignancy and polyps
Family history
IBD
Diabetes
Diet high in red meats
Obesity
Smoking
Alcohol
Age
Gender - Men>women
Race - Black>other
What are the different histological types of colon cancers
Adenocarcinoma - mosrt common
Neuroendocrine neoplasms
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Explain the pathological process of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence
Colonic epithelial cells lose normal progression to maturity and cell death
Begin proliferating in increasingly uncontrolled manner
Cells accumulate on surface of lumen as polyp
More proliferation,increasing cellular disorganisation —> cells extend through musc mucosa - to become invasive carcinoma
Colorectal carcinogenesis —> follows orderly sequence
* Invasion of musc mucosa
* Pericolic tissue
* Lymph nodes
* Distant metastases
Which imaging modalities are used for diagnosing colon malignancies
Colonoscopy
CT colonography
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Which tumour marker is used for colon malignancies
CEA
Which imaging modalities are used for colon malignancy staging
CT scan
MRI primavist liver
PET/CT
What is the management of colon malignancies
Primary:
* Surgical resection - elective/emergency
* Curative vs palliative
* Open vs laparoscopic
* Oncologic resection technique
* Margins
* Multivisceral resection
* Based on location of tumor
Chemotherapy
Stenting
