Cognitive Stimulants

Question 1

What is the main function of cognitive stimulants

Answer 1

*Enhancement of memory

Question 2

Other action of cognitive stimulant list 4

Answer 2

*Increase motivation, attention and motivation
*improve short term and long term memory
**Ability to learn and comprehend information
*reduces fatigue in learning
*Mistakes are less during tasks

Question 3

What is the classification of cognitive stimulants

Answer 3

-Racetams( piracetam,fonturacetam)
-Acetylcholine precursor (alfacerate deanole
-GABA/GOBA: gamma amino butyric acid(aminalo)phenyboot
-Neuropetides and their analogues eg semax
-pyridoxine derivatives: pyritinol

Question 4

Drug Action on bioenergetics of the brain list 4

Answer 4

-increase glucose consumption in the brain and glycolysis reactions
-increase utilisation of ATP in the brain
-Stimulation and increased action of Adenyl cyclase and NA k ATP pumps
-They increase synthesis and release of neurotransmitters like dopamine ,norepinephrine, acetylcholine and Gaba and also their receptors

Question 5

Other actions of CNS stimulants

Answer 5

-direct mimetropic action of stimulation neurotransmitters and memory peptides such as (substance p,vasopressin in the cortex,hippocampus and thalamus

Question 6

List 4 indications of CNS stimulants

Answer 6

-cerebral palsy in children
-Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels
-Mental retardation
-Attention deficiency ADHD
-traumatic brain injury,stroke and it’s consequences
-dizziness,coma of toxic and vascular origin

Question 7

List 4 actions of psycho stimulants

Answer 7

-increases awareness and alertness it works on the reticular formation of the brain
-increases emotional response and decision making
-increase movement due to reticular formation
Increases level of mistakes! Jump thoughts and reduce patience

Question 8

Mechanism of action of amphetamine

Answer 8

-they act by releasing monoamine neurontransmiters specifically dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve endings
-They also inhibit reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine from junctions
-in high concentrations they can inhibit monamine oxidase

Question 9

Main central effects of amphetamines list Atleast 5

Answer 9

• insomnia
  -increase stamina
  -increase excitement
  -long term psychological effects such as anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment

Question 10

Give side effects of chronic use of amphentamine

Answer 10

• tolerance
  -dependence on amphetamine: consequence of insistent memory of euphoria

Question 11

When is the drug MESOCARB used

Answer 11

It is used in rescue events as a drug improvement of working capacity

Question 12

Mention 3 xanthines CNS stimulants

Answer 12

-Theophylline
-theobromine
-Caffeine

Question 13

Mention pharmacology actions of methyxanthines

Answer 13

-CNS stimulation
-cardiac stimulation
-Relaxation of bronchial muscle

Question 14

Mention the two types of purine receptors

Answer 14

-1st type of Adenosine receptors (A1 and A2 )
A1 type have inhibitory action on CNs by decreasing adenylyl Cyclase activity
A2 increases adenylyl cyclase activity

Question 15

Tolerance and dependence of methylxanthines

Answer 15

• Does not induce euphoria
  -tolerance and dependence develops rarely compared to the amphetamines

Question 16

Clinical uses of methylxanthine and coffee

Answer 16

• caffeine with combination of aspirin can be used to treat some severe headache
  -xanthines can be used as a bronchodilator I’m treating asthma attacks