Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards
Name 4 group of drugs psychotropic activity
-antipsychotic drugs
-CNS stimulants
-Anxiolytic drugs
-Antidepressants
Mention Atleast 2 psychomimetic drugs
-cannabis sativa
-psilocin
What are Antipyschotic drugs used for ??
Schizophrenia
Write 3 positive symptoms go mmm of schizophrenia
-hallucinations-
-delusional thoughts
-Thought disorder
Write 3 negative symptoms of schizophrenia
-social isolation
-difficulty to perform every day task
-Inability to experience pleasure
Classification of antipsychotic drugs and list 3 drugs
-1st generation
*Haloperidol
*chlorpromazine
*Fluphenazine
-2nd generation
*clozapine
*risiperidone
Ariprasidone
Give 3 difference between the 1 and 2nd generation of antipsychotic drugs
-receptor profile
-efficiency against negative symptoms
-Incidence of extrapyramidal sides are less in second generation antipsychotic drugs
High light the theory or cause of schizophrenia
-Genetic and environmental factors:genes are said to be a possible reason for schizophrenia
-neuroanatomy and neurochemical basis:dopamine theory and NMDA hypo function
What are the dopaminergic pathways
-Mesolimbic pathway:responsible for positive symptoms ,it regulates emotional and motivational responses
-Mesocortical pathway:responsible for negative symptoms,it involves in the formation of adequate behavior and individual behavior
-Nigrostratial pathway: responsible for motor skills
Tuberoinfundibar pathway:inhibits secretion of prolactin and growth hormone
NMDA receptors can u describe why they lead to schizophrenia
-This is because of glutamatergic neurotransmission ,when the NMDA receptors have hypo function
Antagonism of Antipsychotic receptors include
-D-Dopamine receptors
-Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptors
-H: Histamine receptors
-Alpha adrenergic receptors
-5 H2 receptors
Agonist/partial agonist
5HT1
Describe the Antipsychotic pharmacology properties of antipsychotic drugs
Blocking of Dopamine receptors D1 and D2 and interaction of 5 HT receptors will influence the dopamine pathways such as mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
What is the sedative action of antipsychotic drugs
-Binding with a-adrenergic receptor, M-acetylcholine,and blockade of the influence the midbrain and limbic system
Blockage of Dopamine D2 receptors can inhibit which center in the brain
Emetic center (nucleus tractus solitaries)
What are the effects of sedative blockage of a-adrenergic receptors,histamine 1 , 5HT2
Hypothermia (Hypothalamus)
Orthostatic hypotension (dial tati on of peripheral vessels increases heat transfer)
Unwanted side effects of antipsychotic drugs ( where are Extrapyramidal side affects
1- Acute dyskinesia and Parkinson like syndrome
2- Tardive dyskinesia
3-(tuberoinfundibular pathway)
4-hyperprolactinemia which can lead to Gynecomastia
Unwanted side effects of Antipsychotics blockage of m-acetylcholine receptor
-dry mouth
-Tachycardia
-urinary retention
-constipation
- mydriasis and blurring of vision
Peripheral action
What are 4 symptoms acute dystonia is reversible
Acute dystonia is involuntary movements symptoms include
-restless
-protruding tongue
-muscle spasms
-often accompanied Parkinson’s like syndrome
Prolonged use of Parkinson drug LEVODOPA can lead to ?
Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movement of the face and tongue , trunks and limbs
Briefly describe Antipsychotic malignant syndrome
It is similar to malignant hyperthermia, patients body temperature rises very high and Blood pressure too ,patient also experience mental confusion it’s reversible
What are the advantages of 2nd generation antipsychotic drugs
-They cause less extrapyramidal symptoms and hyperprolactemia
-They reduce negative symptoms of psychosis
-Clozapine can be used to treat resistant psychosis when traditional drugs fail
What are the unwanted side effects of clozapine
-Agranulocytosis (blood count is monitored)
-weight gain
-hypotension
-Antimuscarinic effects
-sedation
Indications of antipsychotic drugs
-Behavioral emergencies such as schizophrenia, mania and toxic delirium and aggressive or violent patients
Mention 4 Other clinical uses of antipsychotics
-nausea and vomiting
-Treatment of shock
-Antisocial sexual behavior
-restlessness and pain
