Anticancer Drugs Flashcards
Cancer treatment is divided into
Surgical therapy
Biological therapy
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Which part of cells do the chemotherapy work on
Chemotherapy agents work mainly on the cell cycle
Classification of chemotherapy drugs
*Alkylating agents(anti proliferative )
*Anti metabolites
*Anti-tumor antibotics(Anthracyclines)
*Topoisomerase inhibitors
*Antimicrotuble agents
* hormonal agents
Mechanism of alkylating agents
-binds covalently via alkyl groups to DNA in the G1 or S phase which leads to cell arrest which can lead to apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Examples of alkylating agents include
Nitrogen mustards
Cisplatin (one of the most active cancer drugs)
Mechanism of action of anti metabolites
*They interfere with normal cellular metabolism of nuclei acids
*Disrupts DNA/RNA metabolism/ production interruption of S-phase of cell cycle
What are the 4 nucleotides for DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Chemo agents that work in on thymine synthesis include
*5 Fluo-uracil inhibits Thymidylate synthase
*Methotrexate inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase
Chemo agents that work in disrupting purine metabolism and synthesis
*Mercaptopurine(6mcp)
*6TG(Thioguanine )
Anti tumor antibiotics main groups include what?
Anthracyclines
Mechanism of action of anti-tumor antibiotics (Anthracyclines)
*Inhibit topoisomerase II leading to supercoils and DNA doesn’t relax and no replication
*inhibition of helicase (enzymes with unwinds the DNA which leads to no DNA replication
*induction of ROS (reactive oxygen species ) trigging apoptosis
Examples of Anthracyclines (anti tumor antibiotics)
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Mitomycin c
What is an example of topoisomerase 1 inhibitors
- camptothecin
- topotecan
- irinotecan
Examples of topoisomerase 2 inhibitors
*Etoposide
* epirubicin
Mechanism of action of Anti-microtuble agents
Disrupt M-phase of the cell cycle leading to cell arrest and apoptosis cell death
Examples of drugs of antimicrotuble agents
*Taxanes
Vinca alkaloids
What is the mechanism of vinca alkaloids
Inhibits the microtuble assembly or formation and they are also called microtubles destabilizers
Taxanes (mechanisms of actions)
*binds to the microtubles and stabilizes it’s formation
*By inhibiting the microtubles from breaking down the M-phase of the cell never gets completed
Examples of Taxanes
Docetaxel
Paclitaxel
Examples of vinca alkaloids
Vincristine
Vinblastine
Examples of alkylating agents 4
Ifosfamide
Lomustine
Chlorambucil
Cyclophosphamide
Hormonal tumor drugs ~2 ways tumor regresses in either hormonal removal or hormonal administration examples of drugs include
Glucocorticoids
Estrogens
Progestins
Aroma taste inhibitors -letrozole abd anastrozole
Antiandrogens-glutamine,Bicalutamide
Side effects of anti cancer agents 4
*fatigue
*fever
*anemia
*Hair skin and nail problems
