Anticancer Drugs Flashcards
Cancer treatment is divided into
Surgical therapy
Biological therapy
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Which part of cells do the chemotherapy work on
Chemotherapy agents work mainly on the cell cycle
Classification of chemotherapy drugs
*Alkylating agents(anti proliferative )
*Anti metabolites
*Anti-tumor antibotics(Anthracyclines)
*Topoisomerase inhibitors
*Antimicrotuble agents
* hormonal agents
Mechanism of alkylating agents
-binds covalently via alkyl groups to DNA in the G1 or S phase which leads to cell arrest which can lead to apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Examples of alkylating agents include
Nitrogen mustards
Cisplatin (one of the most active cancer drugs)
Mechanism of action of anti metabolites
*They interfere with normal cellular metabolism of nuclei acids
*Disrupts DNA/RNA metabolism/ production interruption of S-phase of cell cycle
What are the 4 nucleotides for DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Chemo agents that work in on thymine synthesis include
*5 Fluo-uracil inhibits Thymidylate synthase
*Methotrexate inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase
Chemo agents that work in disrupting purine metabolism and synthesis
*Mercaptopurine(6mcp)
*6TG(Thioguanine )
Anti tumor antibiotics main groups include what?
Anthracyclines
Mechanism of action of anti-tumor antibiotics (Anthracyclines)
*Inhibit topoisomerase II leading to supercoils and DNA doesn’t relax and no replication
*inhibition of helicase (enzymes with unwinds the DNA which leads to no DNA replication
*induction of ROS (reactive oxygen species ) trigging apoptosis
Examples of Anthracyclines (anti tumor antibiotics)
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Mitomycin c
What is an example of topoisomerase 1 inhibitors
- camptothecin
- topotecan
- irinotecan
Examples of topoisomerase 2 inhibitors
*Etoposide
* epirubicin
Mechanism of action of Anti-microtuble agents
Disrupt M-phase of the cell cycle leading to cell arrest and apoptosis cell death
