Antidepressants Flashcards
What is depression
Depression is defined as a medical know as affective disorders defined as disorder of mood
What are the emotional symptoms of depression
*low self esteem: feeling of self guilt,unworthiness and ugliness
*low mood: negativity,misery
*Lack of motivation
*list of ability to feel pleasure
What are the biological symptoms of depression
*Retardation of thoughts
*Loss of libido
*Sleep disturbances
*Loss of appetite
Give classification of depression
*unipolar depression
*Bipolar disorder
Explain two forms of unipolar depression
Reactive depression:This occurs due to stressful and chaotic life events and situations
Endogenous depression:this occurs due to familial origin , associated with familial pattern it’s not related to external factors or life events
What is bipolar depression
*Bipolar depression occurs very rarely but it’s symptoms include mania and depression over a few weeks
Which drug is used in treating bipolar disorder
Lithium
Which drugs are used to treat unipolar depression
*Antidepressants
What are the theories of depression
*Monoamine theory(hypofunction or hyper function of monamines
*Neuroendocrine mechanisms (plasma cortisol is usually high in depressed patients
*Trophic effects and neuroplasticity: depression is noticed in low brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), and treatment with antidepressants increased levels of BDNF
Definition of phobia and obsession
Phobia: is irresistible fear or horror of objects,movements and situations
Obsession: anxiety disorder where people have compulsion to do unwanted things or want unwanted thoughts,ideas or sensations
What are the actions of corticoreleasing hormone
- diminished brain activity
*loss of appetite
*Increased signs of anxiety - depressed patients have high levels of corticoreleasing hormone in the csf and brain
What are the targets of antidepressants
5-HT1 receptors of serotonin
Monoamine inhibitors
Adrenoreceptors
Note: direct action on these receptors leads to increase of the catecholamines and inhibition of MAO
List the inhibitors of monoamine uptake (Antidepressants)
*Tricyclic antidepressants
*5HT1 serotonin receptors selective SSRIs
*Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
*Newly mixed 5HT and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
List two types of MAO inhibitors
- reversible MAO inhibitors (selective)
*Irreversible MAO inhibitors
What are the unique characteristics of antidepressants
*they don’t cause addiction
*it takes about two weeks for antidepressants to actually produce a secondary effect which is very important even due when administered immediately it does have an effect
* recent research suggests antidepressants stimulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus
