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Pharmacology Exam > Antidepressants > Flashcards

Antidepressants Flashcards

1
Q

What is depression

A

Depression is defined as a medical know as affective disorders defined as disorder of mood

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2
Q

What are the emotional symptoms of depression

A

*low self esteem: feeling of self guilt,unworthiness and ugliness
*low mood: negativity,misery
*Lack of motivation
*list of ability to feel pleasure

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3
Q

What are the biological symptoms of depression

A

*Retardation of thoughts
*Loss of libido
*Sleep disturbances
*Loss of appetite

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4
Q

Give classification of depression

A

*unipolar depression
*Bipolar disorder

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5
Q

Explain two forms of unipolar depression

A

Reactive depression:This occurs due to stressful and chaotic life events and situations
Endogenous depression:this occurs due to familial origin , associated with familial pattern it’s not related to external factors or life events

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6
Q

What is bipolar depression

A

*Bipolar depression occurs very rarely but it’s symptoms include mania and depression over a few weeks

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7
Q

Which drug is used in treating bipolar disorder

A

Lithium

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8
Q

Which drugs are used to treat unipolar depression

A

*Antidepressants

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9
Q

What are the theories of depression

A

*Monoamine theory(hypofunction or hyper function of monamines
*Neuroendocrine mechanisms (plasma cortisol is usually high in depressed patients
*Trophic effects and neuroplasticity: depression is noticed in low brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), and treatment with antidepressants increased levels of BDNF

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10
Q

Definition of phobia and obsession

A

Phobia: is irresistible fear or horror of objects,movements and situations
Obsession: anxiety disorder where people have compulsion to do unwanted things or want unwanted thoughts,ideas or sensations

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11
Q

What are the actions of corticoreleasing hormone

A
  • diminished brain activity
    *loss of appetite
    *Increased signs of anxiety
  • depressed patients have high levels of corticoreleasing hormone in the csf and brain
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12
Q

What are the targets of antidepressants

A

5-HT1 receptors of serotonin
Monoamine inhibitors
Adrenoreceptors
Note: direct action on these receptors leads to increase of the catecholamines and inhibition of MAO

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13
Q

List the inhibitors of monoamine uptake (Antidepressants)

A

*Tricyclic antidepressants
*5HT1 serotonin receptors selective SSRIs
*Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
*Newly mixed 5HT and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

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14
Q

List two types of MAO inhibitors

A
  • reversible MAO inhibitors (selective)
    *Irreversible MAO inhibitors
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15
Q

What are the unique characteristics of antidepressants

A

*they don’t cause addiction
*it takes about two weeks for antidepressants to actually produce a secondary effect which is very important even due when administered immediately it does have an effect
* recent research suggests antidepressants stimulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus

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16
Q

List 5 classic tricyclic antidepressants

A

Imipramine
Amitriptyline
Fluvoxamine
Mirtazapine
Sertraline

17
Q

What are the unwanted side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

*sedation due to blockage of histamine receptors
*cholinergic effects due to blockage of adrenonergic receptors signs include constipation, Dry mouth ,urinary retention
*in high doses it causes confusion and mania

18
Q

Unwanted side effects of antidepressants include

A

*SSRIs is not recommended for use in children younger than 18 years insomnia ,aggression
*Combination of MAOs and SSRI can cause SEROTONIN syndrome which there is tremor, hyperthermia and cardiac collapse

19
Q

List 2 drugs -serotonin and noradrenaline uptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

A

Duloxetine
Venlafaxine

20
Q

Noradrenaline reputable inhibitors

A

Maprotiline

21
Q

Mention 3 irreversible mAO

A

Nailamide
Phenylzine
Isocarboxazide

22
Q

What is cheese reaction

A

Occurs when foods and beverages containing tryamine is taken together with MOAS which can lead to tachycardia,severe headaches ,arrhythmias and seizures and hypertension

23
Q

Selective reversible mAO A inhibitors

A

Moclobemide(no cheese reaction)

24
Q

Combined application of antidepressants

A

Classic TCAS + MAO -leads to hypertensive reactions,confusion and hyperthermia
Selective 5 hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)+ Mao leads to serotonin reactions (digestion and visual disturbances,delirium and muscular stiffness

25
Q

Monoamine receptor antagonists

A

Mirtazapine
Mianserin
Trazodone

26
Q

Melatonin receptor agonist is

A

Agomelatine

Pharmacology Exam (16 decks)

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