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Prod_smoke 121624-01 > cognitive psychology > Flashcards

cognitive psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognitive psychology?

A

The study of mental processes including perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.

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2
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology focuses exclusively on observable behavior.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Cognitive psychology emerged as a reaction against _______.

A

behaviorism

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4
Q

What are the main areas of study in cognitive psychology?

A

Perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making.

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5
Q

Who is considered the father of cognitive psychology?

A

Ulric Neisser

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key concept in cognitive psychology? A) Conditioning B) Information processing C) Reinforcement D) Habit formation

A

B) Information processing

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7
Q

What is the information processing model?

A

A framework that compares the human mind to a computer, emphasizing how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

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8
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology ignores the role of emotions in mental processes.

A

False

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9
Q

What does the term ‘cognitive load’ refer to?

A

The amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is the ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.

A

Attention

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11
Q

What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?

A

Short-term memory holds information temporarily, while long-term memory stores information indefinitely.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which process involves the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information? A) Learning B) Memory C) Perception D) Attention

A

B) Memory

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13
Q

What is a schema in cognitive psychology?

A

A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.

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14
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology employs experimental methods to study mental processes.

A

True

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15
Q

What is the role of heuristics in decision-making?

A

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making decisions.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ model of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

A

multi-store

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17
Q

What is the function of working memory?

A

To hold and manipulate information in real-time for cognitive tasks.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which theory explains how memories are formed by linking new information to existing knowledge? A) Constructivist Theory B) Dual Coding Theory C) Levels of Processing Theory D) Schema Theory

A

D) Schema Theory

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19
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

The mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes.

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20
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology overlooks the influence of social and cultural factors on cognition.

A

False

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21
Q

What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

A

Explicit memory involves conscious recall, while implicit memory involves unconscious retention.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ refers to the process of becoming aware of and understanding one’s own thoughts and feelings.

A

Metacognition

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23
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive therapy?

A

To change unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors to improve emotional regulation.

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which cognitive bias involves favoring information that confirms existing beliefs? A) Hindsight bias B) Confirmation bias C) Anchoring bias D) Availability heuristic

A

B) Confirmation bias

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25
Q

What is the concept of ‘mental models’?

A

Mental representations of how things work in the real world that help individuals understand and predict outcomes.

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26
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology does not consider the role of language in shaping thought.

A

False

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27
Q

What is the role of attention in cognitive processes?

A

Attention selects which information to process and prioritize for further cognitive activities.

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28
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is a cognitive process that involves generating new ideas or solutions.

A

Creativity

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29
Q

What is the main focus of developmental cognitive psychology?

A

How cognitive processes change and develop throughout the lifespan.

30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which psychologist is known for his work on cognitive development in children? A) Sigmund Freud B) B.F. Skinner C) Jean Piaget D) Carl Rogers

A

C) Jean Piaget

31
Q

What is the role of cognitive biases in decision-making?

A

Cognitive biases can lead to systematic errors in judgment and decision-making.

32
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology is only applicable to clinical settings.

33
Q

What does ‘dual coding’ refer to in cognitive psychology?

A

The theory that information is better remembered when it is encoded both verbally and visually.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ effect refers to the phenomenon where people remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

A

serial position

35
Q

What is the main premise of the levels of processing theory?

A

The depth of processing affects how well information is remembered.

36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which term describes the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections? A) Neuroplasticity B) Neurogenesis C) Synaptic pruning D) Cognitive restructuring

A

A) Neuroplasticity

37
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes?

A

It is involved in complex behaviors such as planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior.

38
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology has no relevance to artificial intelligence.

39
Q

What is the concept of ‘chunking’ in memory?

A

A technique used to improve memory by grouping information into larger, manageable units.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is the study of how people think, learn, and remember.

A

Cognitive science

41
Q

What is the role of feedback in learning according to cognitive psychology?

A

Feedback helps learners adjust their strategies and improve understanding and retention.

42
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of memory? A) Procedural memory B) Semantic memory C) Contextual memory D) Episodic memory

A

C) Contextual memory

43
Q

What is the concept of ‘embodied cognition’?

A

The theory that cognitive processes are deeply rooted in the body’s interactions with the world.

44
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology applies only to human cognition.

45
Q

What is the concept of ‘cognitive appraisal’?

A

The interpretation of a situation that influences emotional responses.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ hypothesis suggests that language shapes thought processes.

A

Sapir-Whorf

47
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive assessments?

A

To evaluate cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.

48
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method used in cognitive psychology research? A) Case studies B) Surveys C) Experiments D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

49
Q

What is the role of rehearsal in memory?

A

Rehearsal helps to encode information into long-term memory by repeating it.

50
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology does not encompass the study of perception.

51
Q

What is the concept of ‘social cognition’?

A

The study of how people process, store, and apply information about others and social situations.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.

53
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in cognition?

A

The amygdala is involved in emotion regulation and the processing of emotional memories.

54
Q

Multiple Choice: Which cognitive process is primarily responsible for problem-solving? A) Memory B) Thinking C) Perception D) Attention

A

B) Thinking

55
Q

What does the term ‘cognitive flexibility’ mean?

A

The ability to adapt cognitive processing strategies to face new and unexpected conditions in the environment.

56
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology is limited to studying mental disorders.

57
Q

What is the concept of ‘self-regulated learning’?

A

Learning that is guided by one’s own goals, monitoring, and reflection on one’s learning process.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is a cognitive bias that occurs when people believe they are less susceptible to risks than others.

A

Optimism bias

59
Q

What is the concept of ‘cognitive neuroscience’?

A

The study of the relationship between cognitive processes and brain function.

60
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a technique for improving memory retention? A) Multi-tasking B) Spaced repetition C) Passive reading D) Distraction

A

B) Spaced repetition

61
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?

A

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new memories and is involved in learning.

62
Q

True or False: Cognitive psychology does not consider the influence of cultural factors on cognition.

63
Q

What is the concept of ‘confirmation bias’?

A

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ refers to the cognitive process of identifying and evaluating solutions to a problem.

A

Problem-solving

65
Q

What is the main focus of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

A

To change negative thought patterns to improve emotional well-being and behavior.

66
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes ‘cognitive restructuring’? A) Changing behavior B) Changing thought patterns C) Changing emotions D) Changing memory

A

B) Changing thought patterns

67
Q

What is the ‘availability heuristic’?

A

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic.

68
Q

True or False: Cognitive processes are static and do not change over time.

69
Q

What is the concept of ‘attentional bias’?

A

The tendency to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others based on personal relevance.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ effect describes how people tend to remember information better when it is emotionally charged.

A

emotion-enhanced

Prod_smoke 121624-01 (37 decks)

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