Cofactors and Coenzymes Flashcards
what is cofactor?
Non protein small molecules that some enzymes require for activity. Can be organic or inorganic
What is coenzyme?
Type of cofactor, but specifically organic molecules derived from vitamins
Metal Ion catalysis involves what type of cofactor?
Metal ion cofactor bound to an enzyme
Metal ion catalysis increases what of a nearby molecule to generate what
Increase acidity of nearby molecule to generate a nucleophile
In metal ion catalysis, interaction with substrate to facilitate binding stabilises what?
stabilises negative charge,
stabilise negative charge on reaction intermediate
2 main classes of cofactors?
Metal Ions and coenzymes
2 types of coenzymes?
Cosubstrates and prosthetic groups
What are prosthetic groups?
Tightly bound coenzymes
Metal ion catalysis involves what type of cofactor and where does it bind?
Metal ion cofactor bound to the enzyme
Metal ion catalysis increases acidity of what to generate what?
Increases acidity of nearby molecule to generate a nucleophile
The metal ion cofactor interacts with what to facilitate binding?
Interacts with the substrate
What does the metal ion cofactor binding stabilise?
Stabilises negative charges.
Stabilises negative chargers on reaction indermediate
Some metal co factors participate in what reaction
oxidation
Carbonic anhydrase uses what metal as a cofactor? and how
Zinc
Zinc atom makes coordinated water molecule more acidic, generating a nucleophile
Oxidation reduction reactions are carried out bby what?
dehydrogenases, coenzyme
