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Biochem > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What amino acid (aa) doesn’t have chirality

A

Glycine

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2
Q

Amino acids exist in what enantiomers

A

L and D

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3
Q

What type of enantiomer is found in protein

A

L

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4
Q

Formation of stable repeating sequences in proteins require their constituent amino acid to be what

A

To be of one stereochemical series

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5
Q

Why are cells able to synthesise the L isomer of amino acids

A

Active site of enzymes is asymmetric, causing the reactions they catalyse to be stereospecific

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6
Q

Name the 5 groups within the 20 amino acids

A 
Nonpolar aliphatic aa 
Polar uncharged aa
Positively charged basic aa
Negatively charged acidic aa
Aromatic amino aa
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7
Q

Name the 7 aa’s that are non-polar aliphatic

A 
Glycine G
Alanine A
Valine V
Leucine L
Isoleucine I
Proline P
Methionine M
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8
Q

Proline has what in it and is therefore what

A

Has cyclic amino acids and so difficult to fold so produces kink in polypeptide chain

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9
Q

What aa has the simplest structure

A

Glycine

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10
Q

Name the 5 polar, uncharged amino acids

A 
Serine S
Threonine T
Cysteine C
Asparagine N
Glutamine Q
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11
Q

R groups of polar uncharged aa’s are what

A

More soluble and hydrophilic compared to other aa’s

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12
Q

Functional groups in polar uncharged aa’s can form what

A

Hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

Polarity in serine and threonine is due to what functional group?

A

Hydroxyl groups - OH

Alcohol amino acids

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14
Q

Polarity in cysteine is due to what functional group?

A

Sulfhydryl group

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15
Q

Polarity in asparagine and glutamine is due to what functional group?

A

Amide group

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16
Q

Side chain on cysteine can ionise at what pH

A

High pH

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17
Q

Name of the diameric aa formed covalently by cysteine

A

Cysteine

18
Q

What bond does cystine have

A

Disulfide

19
Q

Disulfide linked residues are what

A

Strongly hydrophobic and nonpolar

20
Q

Why does disulfide bonds play a special role in structures

A

Forms covalent links between proteins or 2 different polypeptide chains

21
Q

Name the 3 positively charged basic aa’s

A

Lysine K
Arginine R
Histidine H

22
Q

The R groups of Lysine and Arginine carry what 1) charge 2) are what at pH

A

Positive charges and are strongly polar at pH7

23
Q

Lysine and arginine are hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

Hydrophilic

24
Q

Lysine and Arginine are found where on proteins

A

Exterior because they are hydrophilic

25
Q

Lysine has what on its side chain

A

Secondary amino group

26
Q

Arginine has what R group

A

Positively charged guanindo group

27
Q

Histidine has what group

A

Imidazole

28
Q

Histidine is the only aa with what

A

An ionisable side chain with a pKa near neutrality

29
Q

In many enzyme catalysed reactions, what aa facilitates the reaction by serving as a proton donor/acceptor

A

Histidine

30
Q

Name 2 negatively charged acidic aa’s

A

Aspartate D

Glutamate E

31
Q

R groups of aspartate and glutamate carry what net charge at pH 7

A

Negative

32
Q

Aspartate and glutamate are hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

Hydrophilic

33
Q

Aspartate and glutamate have a 2nd what functional group

A

Carboxyl is

34
Q

Name 3 Aromatic aa’s

A

Phenylalanine F
Tyrosine Y
Tryptophan W

35
Q

R groups in the aromatic aa’s are polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar

36
Q

Aromatic aa’s participate in hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions

A

Hydrophobic

37
Q

Tyrosine hydroxyl group forms what

A

Hydrogen bonds

38
Q

Why are Tyrosine and tryptophan more polar than phenylalanine

A

Tyrosine hydroxyl group and tryptophan indole ring

39
Q

Which amino acids absorb UV light

A

Tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine

40
Q

All amino acids have what functional groups

A

A carboxyl group - COO-
An amino group - H3N+
One hydrogen
An R group

Biochem (34 decks)

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