CO2 standards heavy duty Flashcards
Which vehicles are heavy-duty?
Lorries (>3.5 t), buses and coaches.
HDVs are responsible for more than x% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport in the EU, and for over x% of total EU GHG emissions.
HDVs are responsible for more than 25% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transport in the EU, and for over 6% of total EU GHG emissions.
Targets will apply to which? HDVs
in the reporting period of a given year,
Targets will apply to new HDVs registered in the reporting period of a given year and manufactured by certain company,
CO2 emission reductions in HDV in the coming decades:
x% by 2025
x% by 2030
x% by 2035
x% by 2040
CO2 emission reductions for HDV in the coming decades:
15% by 2025
45% by 2030
65% by 2035
90% by 2040
Refence year can vary:
* x for vehicles regulated under previous standards;
* x for newly regulated lorries above 7,5 tonnes, as well as lorries with special axle configurations above 16 tonnes;
* x for coaches, trailers, and medium lorries between 5 and 7,5 tonnes.
Refence year can vary:
* 2019 for vehicles regulated under previous standards;
* 2021 for newly regulated lorries above 7,5 tonnes, as well as lorries with special axle configurations above 16 tonnes;
* 2025 for coaches, trailers, and medium lorries between 5 and 7,5 tonnes.
x% of new city buses must be zero-emission by 2030 and, as of 2035, x% of new city buses will have to meet the same requirements.
Moreover, starting in 2030, CO2 emissions must be reduced by x% for new semi-trailers and by x% for new trailers other than semi-trailers.
90% of new city buses must be zero-emission by 2030 and, as of 2035, 100% of new city buses will have to meet the same requirements.
Moreover, starting in 2030, CO2 emissions must be reduced by 10% for new semi-trailers and by 7,5% for new trailers other than semi-trailers.
Zero-emission vehicles (ZEV), i.e. heavy-duty motor vehicles without an internal combustion engine, or with an internal combustion engine emitting less than xg CO2 per tonne-km or xg CO2 per person-km.
Low-emission vehicles (LEV), i.e. heavy-duty vehicles with CO2 emissions less x% of the reference value in their sub-group.
Zero-emission vehicles (ZEV), i.e. heavy-duty motor vehicles without an internal combustion engine, or with an internal combustion engine emitting less than 3g CO2 per tonne-km or 1g CO2 per person-km.
Low-emission vehicles (LEV), i.e. heavy-duty vehicles with CO2 emissions less 50% of the reference value in their sub-group.
Multi-annual emission credits and debts to balance what?, accounting for long production cycles. While maintaining the environmental integrity of the revised targets, this measure also rewards early action.
Manufacturers are granted full flexibility to balance emissions between what?.
Which? vehicles, such as garbage lorries and construction vehicles, will be subject to targets from yyyy onwards.
Multi-annual emission credits and debts to balance overachievement of targets in one year with underachievement in another year, accounting for long production cycles. While maintaining the environmental integrity of the revised targets, this measure also rewards early action.
Manufacturers are granted full flexibility to balance emissions between different sub-groups within their portfolio. This includes lorries and trailers (category N and O), as well as buses and coaches (category M vehicles).
Vocational vehicles, such as garbage lorries and construction vehicles, will be subject to targets from 2035 onwards.
Enforcement will include ….
Enforcement will include real-world fuel consumption data, in-service verification tests, and financial penalties (4,250 euro per gCO2/tkm).
A … system was launched in 2019 to encourage the uptake of ZLEV and reward early action from manufacturers. Valid until the end of 2024, this system can be used to comply with the revised targets in 2025.
Between 2025 and 2029, the … system will be replaced by a … crediting system. The … will be set at 2%.
A super-credits system was launched in 2019 to encourage the uptake of ZLEV and reward early action from manufacturers. Valid until the end of 2024, this system can be used to comply with the revised targets in 2025.
Between 2025 and 2029, the super-credits system will be replaced by a benchmark-based crediting system. The benchmark will be set at 2%.
Name of a simulation software that cost-effectively and reliably determines CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of HDVs for specific loads, fuels, and mission profiles (e.g. long haul, regional delivery, urban delivery, etc.), based on data from relevant vehicle components. The tool has been developed by the Commission in close cooperation with stakeholders.
Vehicle Energy Consumption calculation TOol (VECTO)
