Clinical Dental Hygiene Flashcards
used to penetrate soft tissue or bone should always be sterilized using heat
critical items
comes in contact with mucous membranes and non intact skin (skin that is abraded, chapped, dermatitis) should be sterilized using heat or disposable alternative
semi critical items
only contact skin (radiograph conehead, blood pressure cuff( clean with EPA registered hospital disinfectant
non critical items
direct touching saliva, blood, or OPIM
direct contact
touching something that is already contaminated
indirect contact
inanimate objects that when contaminated with infectious agents can transfer disease to a new host
fomite
visible particles of respirable size commonly generated by handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air water syringe
aerosol
kills MOST organisms
disinfection
designed to kill all micro organisms including spores
sterilization
commonly used in dental offices, kills mycobacterium tuberculosis
intermediate
unacceptable in dental offices, kills hiv and hep b
low level disinfectants
steam autoclave
250 degrees F, 15-30 minutes
varies if instruments are wrapped or unwrapped
Recommended for all metal instruments
dry heat
Normal
Systolic <120, diastolic <80
Hypertension stage 1, 130-139/80-89
Hypertension stage 2, 140 or higher/90 or higher
Hypertensive crisis, higher than 180/higher than 120
Patients vitacall phls
loss of calcium, phosphate, and carbonate from the hydroxyapatite crystals
deminerilization
demineralization occurs when ph drops below critical levels —- to ——- for enamel, —- to —— for cementum
- 5-5.5
6. 0-6.7
involved in the caries process
acidogenic and aciduric
causes ph to fall and remain low
produce acids- lactic, butyric and propionic that dissolve tooth structure
bacteria
main species involved in caries and is gram positive
streptoccus mutans
what does streptoccus mutans mainly produce
lactic acid
found in large numbers after cavitation of tooth has occurred
lactobacillus
associated with root/cervical caries
actinomyces viscosis
fluoride is beneficial in halting the caries process as it has —–, that is slowly released over time, it interferes with bacterial metabolism- bactericidal or bacteriostatic
substantivity
evaluation of the relationship between the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent max first molar and the buccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar OR relationship of max and mandibular canines
angles classification
vertical overlap of max and mand incisors
overbite
horizontal overlap of max and mand incisors
overjet
relationship of the interproximal surfaces of the maxillary central incisors and the interproximal surfaces of the mandibular central incisors
midline deviation
first sign of gingivitis is
bleeding on probing
poor oral hyg. drinking dark colored beverages coffee tea fruit juices wine
brown
chx and stannous fl may not be able to remove
yellow brown
often found in healthy mouths, may be seen as thin lines on the cervical third of tooth, possibly caused by consumption of iron and insoluble ferric sulfide, gram +
black
poor oral hyg and chromogenic bacteria
green and yellow-green
poor oral hyg
orange
occupational exposure of metallic dust
blue green
usually appears on incisal/occlusal third of a tooth, opaque or brownish discoloration depending on severity
fluorosis
metal wire or plastic wire, open embrasure spaces exposed class 3 or 4 furcations, mild arthritis, diastema, orthodontia
interdental brush
rotated teeth, hard to access third molars, exposed class 3 or 4 furcations
tufted brushes
delivery of liquid antimicrobial agents, gingival inflammation and bleeding, disrupt loosely adherent plaque, orthodontia
oral irrigator
what is the least effective oral physiotherapy aid for removing plaque
oral irrigator
orthodontia, bridges
floss (bridge) threader
interproximal decay
dental floss
tufted floss is also known as
superfloss and it is for orthodontia, bridges and exposed furcations
tartar control
pyrophosphates
potassium nitrate, strontium ch, or sodium citrate
antihypersensitivity
antibacterial
triclosan
absorbed through the bloodstream of developing bone and teeth, can cause skeletal and dental flurosis
systemic fl
what rapidly absorbs fl
stomach and small intestines
what excretes fl
kidneys
Sodium Fl
Sodium silicofluoride
Hydroflurosilic acid
water fluoridation
community drinking water monitored by
epa
opt fl level is
.7 ppm
birth- 6 months require
zero fl
6 months to 3 years require
.25 mg
3-6 years of age require
.5 mg
6-16 years of age require
1 mg
period of up to two years after eruption of tooth
enamel maturation period
in office fl.
1.23% APD
2% NaF
5% NaF
bactericidal
high concentration and low exposure
home fl gels
.4% stannous 1,000 ppm
1.1% neutral sodium, 5,000 ppm
bacteriostatic effect, low concentration
CHX is
bactericidal
all anterior surfaces
1-2 curet
direct facial and lingual of posterior teeth
7-8
mesial surface of posterior teeth
11-12 or 15-16
distal surface of posterior teeth
13-14, 17-18
what application is most effective for rampant decay
tray system 2% NaF
Sodium fl is recommended for
bulimics
used for desensitizing exposed roots and caries prevention
sodium fl varnish
possible gingival sloughing and discoloration of tooth colored restorations
stannous fl
certainly lethal dose of fl
5-10 gram of NaF at one time for adult
safely tolerated dose of fl
1/4 of certainly lethal dose
acute fl toxicity begins within — of ingestion and may persist for as long as 24 hours
30 minutes
if over — mg induce vomiting
5 mg fl
if over —- seek medical tx
15 mg fl
provides detailed information about specific products used in the dental office?
material safety data sheet
A simple phenol is inappropriate for use for disinfecting the dental operatory. A complex phenol is appropriate for use of disinfecting the dental operatory. What category is a complex phenol
mid level disinfectant
Which of the following is best to sterilize a dental handpiece?
steam autoclave
Sterility of instruments is determined by which of the following
biological testing monitors
Dentinal hypersensitive is caused by
movement of fluid within the dentinal tubules
A firm pull stroke which proper lateral pressure isolated to the area of the deposit describes what type of instrumentation stroke
scaling stroke
Calculus is a contributing factor of periodontal disease because it provides a rough surface that harbors bacteria
the statement and reason are both correct
Which gracey curet is best for use on the maxillary second molar
gracey 17-18
to achieve long term success with oral home care what must change?
behavior
Which cutting edge is used to debride the mesiofacial of #30 during instrumentation with the universal curet
the opposite cutting edge on the same working end as used for the distal
In what percentage is professional strength in office sodium fl gel
2 percent
Which of the following sterilization techniques is least appropriate for paper products
dry heat
