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Board 2019 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles move toward the ——when contracted

A

Origin

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2
Q

Muscles with 2 or more names, the first part indicates —- and the second part indicates —–

A

Origin

Insertion

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3
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (XI)

A

tilts and rotates head and neck, flexing of the neck, stabilize neck

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4
Q

Trapezius (XI)

A

lifts and rotates the shoulders, dorsal flexion of the head, twist head

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5
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

closing or pursing lips

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6
Q

Buccinator

A

flattens cheek, assists in chewing, assist the muscles of mastication

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7
Q

A masseter can become enlarged in patients who habitually clench or grind.
T/F

A

True

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8
Q

What is most likely affected by direct trauma to the TMJ?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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9
Q

All muscles of mastication are innervated by the ?

A

Mandibular division of the fifth cranial or trigeminal nerve (V3) and blood supply of the maxillary artery

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10
Q

Insertion of the mylohyoid is the?

A

Hyoid bone

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11
Q

What are the 2 groups of the hyoid muscle?

A

supra hyoid and infrahyoid

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12
Q

What bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

hyoid

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13
Q

What makes up the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid

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14
Q

What stabilizes the hyoid bone? Helps with swallowing and speech?

A

Infrahyoid

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15
Q

What is referred to as raphe?

A

pterygomandibular

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16
Q

Where does the Wharton’s or submandibular ducts occur?

A

lingual frenum

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17
Q

Is the lingual nerve (V3) and chorda tympani (sensory)

A

Anterior 2/3

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18
Q

Posterior 1/2 is

A

IX glossopharyngeal

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19
Q

What contains taste buds and associated with ducts of von Ebner glands?

A

Circumvallate

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20
Q

Most numerous of the tongue but do not contain taste buds?

A

filiform

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21
Q

What is a keratinized tissue that gives the tongue its velvety texture, it is associated with geographic tongue and hairy tongue?

A

filiform

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22
Q

Separation of 1/3 posterior and 2/3 anterior portions of the tongue with the foramen cecum at the point. (shaped like a triangle)

A

sulcus terminalis

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23
Q

What includes the condyle of the mandible, the coronoid process, and the mandibular notch?

A

the mandible

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24
Q

also called the meniscus of the joint, which divides the tmj into 2 compartments called synovial cavities where synovial fluid is produced to lubricate the joint

A

articular disc

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25
Q

TMJ’s two types of movements include

A

gliding and rotational

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26
Q

is the limited ability to open the mouth, due to the contraction of the muscles of mastication. “Lock jaw”

A

trismus

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27
Q

dislocation of both joints caused by opening the mouth to wide

A

subluxation

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28
Q

—– carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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29
Q

—– carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

A

Veins

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30
Q

the —- artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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31
Q

What forms the maxillary vein and drains the PSA and IA veins?

A

pterygoid plexus

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32
Q

There is a potential for piercing the —- —– during the delivery of a PSA block via over insertion of the needle, which can result in a hematoma as well as infection

A

Pterygoid Plexus

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33
Q

What is associated with a duct?

A

exocrine

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34
Q

What is associated with being ductless, secretes directly into the blood

A

endocrine

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35
Q

endocrine gland that secretes parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels

A

parathyroid gland

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36
Q

what gland develops t cell lymphocytes

A

thymus

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37
Q

Which gland is the cause for the protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain which helps control growth, BP, certain functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism, as well as some aspects of pregnancy, child birth, nursing, water, and salt concretions.

A

pituitary gland

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38
Q

What system controls the salivary gland?

A

autonomic nervous system

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39
Q

—– — produces either a small flow, which is rich in protein or no flow at all

A

sympathetic stimulation

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40
Q

largest encapsulated major salivary gland, 25 % saliva produced, saliva is serous divided into 2 lobes

A

Parotid

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41
Q

Facial nerve passes through the

A

parotid, and does not innervate

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42
Q

Stenson’s duct empties opposite maxillary molars or

A

parotid duct (9th cranial nerve)

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43
Q

2nd largest encapsulated major salivary gland. Produces 60-65% of total volume, mixed secretion of both serous and mucous type

A

submandibular

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44
Q

Wharton’s duct empties into —–

A

caruncle or submandibular duct

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45
Q

What is the most common gland to be involved in salivary stone formation?

A

submandibular 7th nerve

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46
Q

Most diffuse and the only encapsulated major salivary gland. 10 percent of total volume mix of mucous and serous.

A

sublingual

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47
Q

What duct is associated with sublingual?

A

Bartholin’s duct or sublingual duct near the midline of the floor of the mouth on each side of the lingual frenum

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48
Q

Saliva also exists along the sublingual fold directly from 8-20 excretory ducts known as the —– ducts. Both empty at caruncle.

A

Rivinus ducts

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49
Q

The minor salivary glands are innervated by the —– cranial nerve

A

7th

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50
Q

—– —– are also considered minor salivary glands and are found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue near the terminal sulcus, they secrete a purely serous fluid that begins lipid hydrolysis.

A

Von Ebner glands

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51
Q

sensory nerve that comes into periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord.

A

afferent nerve

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52
Q

motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body

A

efferent nerve

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53
Q

muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal XII

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54
Q

S-sensory
M-motor
B-Both
IN ORDER

A

Some Say marry money but my brother says bad business marry money

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55
Q

V1

V2

V3

A

ophthalmic sensory

maxillary sensory

mandibular sensory and motor

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56
Q

sensory to chin, lower lip, labial mucosa near mandibular anterior teeth, facial gingiva tissue of cuspids, incisors and premolars forward

A

mental

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57
Q

the —– —- is a sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve that occupies a cavity (meckels cave)

A

trigeminal ganglion

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58
Q

lymph nodes are divided into 2 regions which are

A

capsule and cortex

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59
Q

is the change of lymph nodes in size and consistency, healthy nodes are usually small, soft and mobile

A

lymphadenopathy

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60
Q

— — drain regions while —– —- drain —- nodes

A

primary nodes

secondary nodes

primary nodes

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61
Q

collects lymph from the central lower lip, the floor of the mouth, mandibular incisors and the apex of tongue associated with infections on #24,#25

A

submental

62
Q

— — collects lymph from maxillary 3rd molars

A

deep cervical

63
Q

the largest pulmonary artery is the

A

main pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk from the heart

64
Q

the smallest arteries are the —— which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli

A

arterioles

65
Q

the only frenum without muscle fibers is the

A

maxillary

66
Q

tooth development begins in utero at

A

3-4 months

67
Q

only tooth that has an oblique ridge

A

maxillary first molar

68
Q

true/false

a mandibular molar may have 4 or 5 cusps

A

true

69
Q

Which teeth have a large well developed cingulum

A

maxillary canine

70
Q

The cingulum of a mandibular canine is

A

smoother and rounded

71
Q

are usually found as three small bumps on the incisal edges of anterior teeth

A

mammelons

72
Q

the incisal edges is the first to wear away from attrition therefore mammelons may not be visible on teeth of older people t/f

A

true

73
Q

most prominent CEJ

A

max central incisors

74
Q

may have a palatogingival groove and considered a carious developmental pit or surface

A

max lateral incisor

75
Q

longest root

A

max canine

76
Q

two roots facial/lingual, may have one root, most common 60% have 2.

A

1st premolar

77
Q

Which root is the longest on a 1st max molar

A

palatal

78
Q

how many roots does a second maxillary molar have

A

3

79
Q

root characteristic vary greatly, may be three rooted, roots may be fused, and may have accessory roots

A

the 3rd max molar

80
Q

Where are enamel pearls most frequently seen?

A

on maxillary molars in the furcation areas

81
Q

very narrow facial/lingual surfaces and broader proximal. Frequently have very shallow root concavities on proximal surfaces

A

mand central and laterals

82
Q

may have a root apex that is bifurcated into a facial and lingual root

A

mand canine

83
Q

which area is strongest on a mand first molar

A

the mesial (widest and strongest)

84
Q

how many roots does a second mandibular 1st and second molar have

A

2

85
Q

the mandibular third molar is frequently

A

shorter, fused, and dilacerated

86
Q

it can either let a substance (molecule or ion) pass through freely, pass through to a limited extent or not pass through at all

A

semi permeable

87
Q

the cells internal sub structure

A

cytoplasm

88
Q

organelle that houses the cell chromosomes and is the place where almost all DNA replication and rna synthesis (transcription occur)

A

cell nucleus

89
Q

is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis

A

rough ER

90
Q

lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism the production of steroid hormones, and detoxification

A

smooth er

91
Q

process and package

A

Golgi apparatus

92
Q

organelles that contain digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

93
Q

organizes and maintains cells shape

A

cytoskeleton

94
Q

is the division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes or sex cells each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

A

meiosis

95
Q

used by single celled organisms to reproduce it is also used for the organic growth of tissues, fibers and membranes.

A

mitosis

96
Q

— is found in sexual reproduction of organisms

A

meiosis

97
Q

first stage of cell division

A 
PROPHASE
metaphase
anaphase 
telophase
PMAT
98
Q

hardest tissue in the body

A

enamel

99
Q

striae of retzius are

A

incremental growth lines of mineralization

100
Q

What mineralization is most like bone?

A

cementum

101
Q

calcified tissue covering the root dentin

part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament,

A

cementum

102
Q

What provides nutrients to cementum

A

PDL

103
Q

forms the bulk of tooth tissue

“collagen fibers”

A

dentin

104
Q

what is harder than bone and cementum but not as hard as enamel

A

dentin

105
Q

center of tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells

A

pulp

106
Q

found on the dorsum of the tongue, hard palate, and attached gingiva

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

“masticory mucosa’

107
Q

buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and alveolar mucosa

A

lining mucosa, non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

108
Q

specifically in the regions of the taste buds and lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

specialized mucosa

109
Q

the sulcular epithelium is

A

nonkeratinized

110
Q

What includes rete pegs?

A

attached gingiva

111
Q

the col is — area of interdental gingiva which connects the facial and lingual aspects of the interdental gingiva/papilla

A

nonkeratinized

112
Q

cuff like band of squamous epithelium that encircles the tooth and is attached to the tooth which attaches the sulcular epithelium

A

JE

113
Q

What does the JE form?

A

base of the sulcus

114
Q

PDL is connected to the cementum and bone by collagen fibers called

A

sharpeys fibers

115
Q

sensory functions of pain and displacement sensitivity

A

PDL

116
Q

lining of oral cavity, teeth ,and nerves are derived from

A

ectoderm as well as skin

117
Q

most of the face and oral cavity are formed from the

A

frontal process and the pharyngeal or brachial arches

118
Q

—- — is the primordial structure for the mandible

A

meckels cartilage

119
Q

palatal development forms between the

A

4th and 6th week of embryonic development

120
Q

the primary palate is formed in this period by fusion/merging of the medial nasal and maxillary processes. subsequently, between the — and — embryonic/ fetal weeks. fusion is anterior to posterior

A

6th and 12th

121
Q

What is the last portion of the palate to form

A

soft palate and uvula

122
Q

first sign of tooth development occurs at

A

6th week

123
Q

True/false
cells are derived from the ectoderm of the first pharyngeal arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. All tooth formation is from ectomesenchyme

A

true

124
Q

the tooth germ is organized into three parts

A

the enamel organ, the dental papilla, and the dental sac or follicle

125
Q

what will produce all the supporting structures of a tooth

A

dental sac

126
Q

first sign of an arrangement of cells in the tooth bud

A

cap stage

127
Q

during the bell stage, the —- defines the shape of the crown

A

IEE

intermedium and inner enamel epithelium

128
Q

Hertwigs epithelial root sheath (HERS) is associated with

A

the bell stage

129
Q

the formation of —- must always occur before the formation of enamel

A

dentin

130
Q

The degeneration of REE (reduced enamel epithelium) also mediates the

A

initial epithelial attachment to the tooth

131
Q

WEhat type of cementum forms first

A

acellular

132
Q

what initiates the formation of dentin in the root of a tooth by causing the differentiation of odontoblasts from the dental papilla.

A

Hertwigs epithelial root sheath HERS

133
Q

true/false
The root sheath eventually disintegrates with the PDL but residual pieces that do not completely disappear are seen as epithelial cell (———)

A

rest of malassez

can turn into cysts

134
Q

which muscle shifts the mandible to the side of the face

A

lateral pterygoid

135
Q

the maxillary teeth, buccal gingiva, and pulp of molars are innervated by which cranial nerve

A

V

136
Q

true/false
The submandibular gland which lies superior to the digastric muscles, and divided into superficial and deep lobes, are separated by the mylohyoid muscle. It produces serous type secretion only from the stensons duct.

A

first true

second false

137
Q

All but which of the following contain taste buds

a. foliate
b. filiform
c. fungiform
d. circumvallate
e. foliate lingual

A

b. filiform

138
Q

Major branches of the maxillary artery include all but which of the following?

a. infraorbital
b. inferior alveolar
c. superior thyroid
d. greater palatine
e. posterior superior alveolar

A

Superior thyroid

the superior thyroid is a branch of the external carotid, all other are branches of the max artery

139
Q

True/false
the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. This gland is responsible for thyroid glands and metabolism as well as water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temp regulation and pain relief.

A

Both true

140
Q

Eventually in tooth development the condensation of ectomesenchyme cells will form the dental sac which will develop into which of the follow

a. PDL
b. pulp
c. dentin
d. enamel

A

PDL

141
Q 
Which of the following arteries carry deoxygenated blood
a. facial
b lingual
c maxillary
d. pulmonary
e. superior thyroid
A

pulmonary

142
Q

T lymphocytes mature in which of the following

a. bone
b. thyroid gland
c. thymus gland
d. pituitary gland
e. parathyroid gland

A

thymus gland

143
Q

rest of malassez, located in PDL and can develop into cysts and form form from which?

a. stellate reticulum
b. ectomesenchyme
c. outer enamel epithelium
d. reduced enamel epithelium
e. HERS

A

E

144
Q

All of the following are muscles of mastication except for which

a. masseter
b. buccinator
c. temporalis
d. lateral p.
e. medial p.

A

buccinator

145
Q

which muscle retracts tongue

A

styloglossus

146
Q

all of the following are branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerves except

a. lingual
b. masseteric
c. deep temporal
d. inferior alveolar
e. superior longitudinal

A

e

147
Q

the mandibular division V3 of the trigeminal nerve exits

A

foramen ovale

148
Q

hypomobility due to a loss of elasticity of the masticory muscles of tmj ligaments is known as trismus. trismus results in dislocation of both joints.

A

first true

second false

149
Q

each of the following triangles is in the posterior triangle of neck except one

a. carotid
b. occipital
c. subclavian
d. none

A

a

150
Q

the lymphatics draining the mandibular incisors usually empty directly into which of the following nodes

a. facial
b. parotid
c. submental
d. deep cervical
e. submandibular

A

submental

Board 2019 (12 decks)

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