Clinical Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
What is the connective tissue which surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid?
epicardium (serous pericardium)
What is the sac in the middle mediastinum which surrounds that heart ?
Pericardium
What is the outer layer of pericardium which is tough and protective which prevents over filling?
fibrous pericardium
what can an increase in pressure in the pericardial cavity cause?
cardiac tamponade
What is the space which contains pericardial fluid and is situated between the epicardium and the heart?
pericardial sac
What is visceral pericardium?
epicardium that touches the heart
What type of pericardium is in contact with the wall?
parietal pericardium
What are the three layers of the heart?
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
What vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the heart?
superior/inferior vena cava
what vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
aorta
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
pulmonary trunk
Where is the apex of the heart located?
at the mid-clavicular point at 5th intercostal spcace
What are the ear like projections on the heart?
auricle
What doe the coronary arteries supply blood to?
myocardium
Where does the venous blood of the heart drain into?
the right atrium via the coronary sinus
What makes up the entirety of the base of the heart?
left atrium
What is the irreversible death of a part of the heart muscle due to blockage of it’s arterial blood supply ?
myocardial infarction (MI)
What is anterior MI
due to blockage in thee coronary artery
what is posterior MI?
due to blockage in the coronary sinus
What is the function of cardiac valves?
the ensure uni-directional blood flow
What valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Where is the pulmonary valve located ?
between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
What valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle?
mitral valve
What valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
aortic valve
What are the rope like structures on the valves on the heart that prevent it from collapsing ?
chordae teninase
What anchors the valves to the wall?
papillary muscles
What causes the first heart sound (LUB)?
closer of the tricuspid and mitral valves
What is caused by the closeure of the pulmonary and aortic valve?
the second heart sound (dUB)
What is the small group of pacemaker cells that initiate heartbeat?
Sino-atrial node
Where do impulses from the SA node spread to?
across the atrium and to the atrioventricular node
Where does the AV node send impules to?
- the bundle of his
- down the intraventricular septum to purkinje fibres
What separates the left ride of the heart from the right?
intraventricular septum
