Clinical Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

What is the connective tissue which surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid?

Answer 1

epicardium (serous pericardium)

Question 2

What is the sac in the middle mediastinum which surrounds that heart ?

Answer 2

Pericardium

Question 3

What is the outer layer of pericardium which is tough and protective which prevents over filling?

Answer 3

fibrous pericardium

Question 4

what can an increase in pressure in the pericardial cavity cause?

Answer 4

cardiac tamponade

Question 5

What is the space which contains pericardial fluid and is situated between the epicardium and the heart?

Answer 5

pericardial sac

Question 6

What is visceral pericardium?

Answer 6

epicardium that touches the heart

Question 7

What type of pericardium is in contact with the wall?

Answer 7

parietal pericardium

Question 8

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 8

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 9

What vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 9

superior/inferior vena cava

Question 10

what vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer 10

aorta

Question 11

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 11

pulmonary trunk

Question 12

Where is the apex of the heart located?

Answer 12

at the mid-clavicular point at 5th intercostal spcace

Question 13

What are the ear like projections on the heart?

Answer 13

auricle

Question 14

What doe the coronary arteries supply blood to?

Answer 14

myocardium

Question 15

Where does the venous blood of the heart drain into?

Answer 15

the right atrium via the coronary sinus

Question 16

What makes up the entirety of the base of the heart?

Answer 16

left atrium

Question 17

What is the irreversible death of a part of the heart muscle due to blockage of it’s arterial blood supply ?

Answer 17

myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 18

What is anterior MI

Answer 18

due to blockage in thee coronary artery

Question 19

what is posterior MI?

Answer 19

due to blockage in the coronary sinus

Question 20

What is the function of cardiac valves?

Answer 20

the ensure uni-directional blood flow

Question 21

What valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 21

tricuspid valve

Question 22

Where is the pulmonary valve located ?

Answer 22

between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 23

What valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 23

mitral valve

Question 24

What valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?

Answer 24

aortic valve

Question 25

What are the rope like structures on the valves on the heart that prevent it from collapsing ?

Answer 25

chordae teninase

Question 26

What anchors the valves to the wall?

Answer 26

papillary muscles

Question 27

What causes the first heart sound (LUB)?

Answer 27

closer of the tricuspid and mitral valves

Question 28

What is caused by the closeure of the pulmonary and aortic valve?

Answer 28

the second heart sound (dUB)

Question 29

What is the small group of pacemaker cells that initiate heartbeat?

Answer 29

Sino-atrial node

Question 30

Where do impulses from the SA node spread to?

Answer 30

across the atrium and to the atrioventricular node

Question 31

Where does the AV node send impules to?

Answer 31

• the bundle of his

- down the intraventricular septum to purkinje fibres

Question 32

What separates the left ride of the heart from the right?

Answer 32

intraventricular septum