A27 - Nasal Cavities and Para Nasal Sinuses

Question 1

where does the cartilage in the nose get most of its nutrients from?

Answer 1

the skin and mucosa surrounding it

Question 2

what is the depression of the upper lip ?

Answer 2

philtrum

Question 3

what bones make up the nasal cavity ?

Answer 3

• nasal
• ethmoid
• perpendicular plate to the ethmoid bone
• maxilla
• inferior nasal concha

Question 4

what makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

cribriform plate and crista galli of the ethmoid bone

Question 5

what makes up the laterl wall of the nasal cavity ?

Answer 5

• superior and middle conchae which are part of the ethmoid bone.
• ethmoidal air cells
• orbital plate of ethmoid

Question 6

what is the septum of the nose made up of ?

Answer 6

the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone joins with the vomer

Question 7

what impact can le fort fracts have in the spread of infection?

Answer 7

cause the spread of infection from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to the anterior cranial fossa

Question 8

what mucosa makes up the opening of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

what mucosa makes up the majority of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

respiratory epithelium

Question 10

what mucosa makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

olfactory mucosa

Question 11

describe the olfactory nerve pathway.

Answer 11

1. Receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium
2. Pass up through the cribiform plate
3. Synapse with olfactory bulb (ganglion)
4. Then neurons pass along the olfactory tract
5. To temporal lobe and olfactory areas

Question 12

What part of the olfactory nerve passes through the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone in olfactory mucosa? It is the first neurone in the chain

Answer 12

receptor cells

Question 13

What part of the of the olfactory nerve is a ganglion and has cell bodies of second neurones?

Answer 13

olfactory bulb

Question 14

What part of the olfactory nerve ends in the temporal bone?

Answer 14

olfactory tract

Question 15

what nerve supplies the nasal cavity with somatic sensory innervation ?

Answer 15

CN V (trigeminal)

Question 16

what branch of CN V supplies the anterosuperior region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

CN Va

Question 17

What region of the nasal cavity does CN Vb supply?

Answer 17

posterioinferior region

Question 18

What nerve branches does CN Va supply the nasal cavity by?

Answer 18

Ethmoidal Branches of Nasociliary Nerve

Question 19

What nerve branches does CN Vb supply the nasal cavity by?

Answer 19

Sphenopalatine and Greater Palatine Nerves

Question 20

what is the branches of the external carotid artery that supply blood to the nose?

Answer 20

facial and maxillary artery

Question 21

what is the branch of internal carotid artery that supply blood to the nose?

Answer 21

ophthalmic artery

Question 22

what branch of ophthalmic artery supplies blood?

Answer 22

via anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 23

what branches of maxillary artery supply the nose of blood?

Answer 23

via sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

Question 24

what branches of the facial artery supply blood to the nasal cavities ?

Answer 24

via lateral nasal branch of facial or septal brach of superior labial artery?

Question 25

What is Keisselbach's area?

Answer 25

an arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum that is a common side if epostaxis (nosebleed)

Question 26

what is the role in the nasal conchea?

Answer 26

they increase the surface area covered by mucosa therefore increasing the surface area available to warm and humidify air

Question 27

what are the meatus of the nasal cavity?

Answer 27

spaces under each of the conchae that act as draining sites for paranasal sinuses

Question 28

What is the name for the open spaces within the bone of the nasal which is lined with thin respiratory epithelium?

Answer 28

paranasal sinuses

Question 29

What are the four bilateral pairs of sinuses associated with the nasal cavity?

Answer 29

- frontal sinuses - ethmoidal air cells - maxillary sinuses - sphenoid sinuses

Question 30

which nasal concha is made up of a bone on its own?

Answer 30

inferior

Question 31

where does the frontal sinuses drain into?

Answer 31

middle meatus

Question 32

where do ethmoidal air cells drain into?

Answer 32

superior and middle meatuses

Question 33

where do sphenoidal sinus drain into?

Answer 33

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 34

where does the maxillary sinus drain into?

Answer 34

middle meatus

Question 35

where do tears drain into?

Answer 35

wash over eye and drain into the nasolacrimal duct > inferior meatus

Question 36

What are the right and left nasal cavities separated by?

Answer 36

Nasal septum formed from the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer (posteriorly) and the septal cartilages (hyaline) anteriorly

Question 37

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 37

- convey respiratory gases between the atmosphere and nasopharynx - warm - humidify - remove particulate matter - special sense of smell

Question 38

What lines the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 38

Mucus Secreting Respiratory Mucosa

Question 39

How does mucous drain into nasal cavities?

Answer 39

Via ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

Question 40

what is sinusitis?

Answer 40

inflammation of the mucosa in 1 or more of the paranasal sinuses

Question 41

What can cause swelling of the mucosa which reduces the diameter of the Ostia?

Answer 41

viral URTI

Question 42

what are the causes of sinusitis ?

Answer 42

- infection - allergy - autoimmune issues

Question 43

what sensory nerves supply pain in patients with sinusitis ?

Answer 43

CN Va and Vb

Question 44

What sinus is predisposed to infection as the ostium of this sinus is located superior in relation to its cavity? Cilia must work against gravity

Answer 44

maxillary sinuses

Question 45

what is an Oro-antral fistula?

Answer 45

communication between the maxillary sinus and the tooth socket

Question 46

How can tooth infection lead to sinus infections?

Answer 46

If the roots pierce upwards into the maxillary sinus

Question 47

What happens if there is improper closure of the oro-antral fistula?

Answer 47

Sinusitis pain can be referred to the teeth and present as "toothache"