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Anatomy > A26 - Pharynx and Gag Reflex > Flashcards

A26 - Pharynx and Gag Reflex Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

space between the base of the cranium and the inferior border of C6 that connects the nose and mouth above to the larynx and oesophagus below

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2
Q

what is the pharynx involved in?

A
  • breathing
  • speech
  • coughing
  • sneezing
  • vomiting
  • swallowing
  • gagging
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3
Q

what is the protective feature of the pharynx?

A

against aspiration and inhalation of solids/liquids into the lungs

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4
Q

what are the regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx - behind the nasal cavity at the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

oropharynx - behind the oral cavity

laryngopharynx - behind the larynx

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5
Q

what makes up the respiratory tract?

A

nasal cavity
oral cavity
larynx
trachea

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6
Q

what does the oral cavity and the oesophagus make up?

A

alimentary tract

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7
Q

what are the layers surrounding the retropharyngeal space ?

A

pharynx > pharyngeal muscle > buccopharyngeal fascia > retropharngeal space > alar fascia > retropharyngeal space > pre-vertebral fascia > pre-vertebral muscle > anterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

what are the three circular muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • superior constrictor
  • middle constrictor
  • inferior constritor
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9
Q

where do the constrictor muscles insert ?

A

midline raphe

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10
Q

what supplies the majority of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X - pharyngeal plexus

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11
Q

what does pharyngo-basilar fascia cover ?

A

internal aspect of the circular muscles

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12
Q

what covers the external surface of the circular muscles?

A

bucco-pharyngeal fascia

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13
Q

where does the superior constrictor muscle attach ?

A
  • pterygoid hamulus
  • pterygomandibular raphe
    mylohyoid line
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14
Q

what muscle attaches to the greater horn of the hyoid ?

A

middle constrictor

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15
Q

where does the inferior constrictor muscle attach?

A 
thyroid cartilage (oblique line) and the
cricoid cartilage
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16
Q

what vessels and muscles pass through the “ gateway to the mouth?”

A
  • CN IX
  • lingual artery
  • stylopharyngeus muscle
17
Q

where is the “gateway to the mouth” located ?

A

between the superior and middle constrictor muscle

18
Q

what is the only muscle supplied by CN IX?

A

stylopharyngeus

19
Q

What connects the nasopharynx up to the middle ear?

A

Pharyngotympanic Tube

20
Q

what longitudinal muscles insert onto the posetrior border of throid cartilage and elevate pharynx and larynx?

A
  • stylopharyngeus
  • palataopharyngeus
  • salpingopharyngeus
21
Q

what nerve supplies the palataopharyngeus

and salpingopharyngeus muscles ?

A

CN X

22
Q

what is the space between the base of posteior tongue ?

A

vallecula

23
Q

what is the choana?

A

posterior opening of the nasal cavity

24
Q

what is important about the piriform fossa ?

A

located inferior to the epiglottis and if food is stuck in here it can press on laryngeal nerves and affect the voice

25
Q

What is the elastic cartilage that guards the opening of the larynx?

A

epiglottis

26
Q

what tonsils are located in the oropharynx ?

A

palatine tonsils

27
Q

where are pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

nasopharynx

28
Q

what innervates the pharyngeal plexus ?

A

motor - mainly CN X

sensory - mainly CN IX

29
Q

what innervates the mucosa of the nasopharynx ?

A

CN V2 - anterior and superior auditory tube

CN IX

30
Q

what innervates the oropharynx ?

A

CN IX inculdes tonsillar fossa and posteior tongue

31
Q

what innervates the laryngopharynx?

A

CN XI - superior eppiglittis

CN X

32
Q

what stumulates sensory nerve fibres of CN IX and tried to close of the oropharynx ?

A

gag reflex

33
Q

what muscles are involved in teh gag reflex?

A
  • constrictors of pharynx (CN X)
  • longitudinal muscles of - pharynx (CN IX and X)
  • tongue and soft palate
34
Q

what is the relevance of the gag reflex to dentists ?

A
  • patients with sensitive throats
  • recurrent gag reflex can make treatment very difficult
  • careful technique, relaxed patient
35
Q

describe the first stage of swallowing

A

Food bolus squeezed to back of mouth

Tongue against palate

36
Q

describe the second stage of swallowing

A

Nasopharynx closed off

Larynx elevated

Pharynx enlarged to receive bolus

37
Q

describe the thrid stage of swallowing

A

Pharyngeal constrictors contract sequentially

Epiglottis deflects bolus

38
Q

descirbe the fourth stage of swallowing

A

Bolus moves into oesophagus

Anatomy (30 decks)

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