A4/5 - Clinical Anatomy of Respiration Flashcards
What is the thin lining that surrounds the lung?
pleural cavity
What is the pleura that touches the heart an d the one that touches the wall?
heart - visceral
wall - parietal
What do the pleuaral cavities allow?
lungs to move freely without damage and act as a vacuum
What are the 4 different types of pleura?
costal - touches the ribs
diraphramatic - touches the diaphragm
mediastinal - touches the mediastinum
cervical - touches the neck
What the the extension of the pleaural cavity in which excess fluid builds?
costodiaphragmatic recess
What lung contains three lobes - superior, middle and inferior?
right lung
what separates the inferior and superioe lobes?
oblique fissure
What does the horizontal fissure separate?
the middle lobe from the superior and inferior lobes on the right lung
What is the tongue like projection of the left lung?
lingula
Where is the lingula located?
superior lobe of left lung
What is the root of the lung and what does it contain?
hilum
- main bronchus
- pulmonary arteries
- 2 pulmonary veins
What surface marking does the right lung have?
- superior vena cava
- azygous vein
What is the layout of the hilum of the right lung?
bronchi
artery
vein
(from medial - lateral)
What are the surface markings on the left lung?
arch of aorta
hearts
What is the layout of the hilum of the left lung?
Artery
bronchus
vein
(from superior to inferior)
What is phrenic nerve a combination of?
anterior rami of C3.4,5
Where is the phrenic nerve located?
anterior surface fo scalenus anterior and descends over the lateral aspects of the heart
What does the phrenic nerve supply ?
diaphragm
What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
What are the accessory muscles of expiration?
rectus abdominus
diaphragm
How many cervical vertebrae is there?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae?
5
how many sacral vertebrae?
- in feotus there is 5 but fused to give one sacrum
how man coccygeal vertebrae?
- 5 but fused to form one coccyx
How many vertebrae is there in total?
33
What is the difference between primary curvature and a secondary curvature?
primary - anterior concavity
secondary - anterioc convexity
What regions of the spine contain a primary or secondary curvature?
primary - thoracic , sacral
secondary - lumbar
What are typical ribs?
exhibit the same anatomical features - 3- 9
What ribs are atypical
1 2, 10-12
Where is the neurovascular bundle located on typical ribs?
costal groove
What joins the rib to the vertebrae?
costavertebral joints - the head of ribs joins to superior vertebra and the tubercle articulates with the transverse process
What joints allow movement?
synovial joints - between supeopr articular process and inferior articular process of 2 ribs
What sits between two vertebrae and allows movement?
intervertebral discs
What is the joint between the sternum and the costal cartilage =?
sternocostal joints
What do costochrondral joints articulate?
costal cartilage and ribs
What is the lower edge of the chest at the bottom edge of ribs?
costal margin
What articulates the sternum and the clavicle?
sternoclavicular joint
Where is the sternal angle located?
rib 2
What is the superior body of the sternum called?
manubrium
What is the inferior process of the sternum called?
xiphoid process
what muscles are deep to the chest wall?
intercostal muscles
pectoralis minor
What groove separated the deltoid and pectoralis major?
delto-pectoral groove?
What vessel is found in the delto-pectoral groove?
cephalic vein
What muscle anchors the scapula to the ribs?
serratus anterior
Which nerve supplies serratus anterior?
long thoracic
What is the axillary tail?
lymphatic drainage which links to the axilla
What are the three intercostal muscles?
external
internal
innermost
How many intercostal spaces is there?
11
What is carried in an intercostal space?
neurovascular bundle
- vein
- artery
nerve
What is the most lateral - artery or vein?
subclavian artery
What attaches to the scalene tuberacle on RIb ?
sclenus anterior
What lies more medial - vein or artery?
vein
Describe the anatomical position
standing facing forwards face and eyes looking anteriorly upper limbs by side palms of hands facing anteriorly feet together toes pointing anteriorly
