A18 - Headaches and Meninges

Question 1

What is the function of the brain?

Answer 1

control centre for the nervous systems and endocrine function

Question 2

What are the grooves on the brain?

Answer 2

sulcus

Question 3

What are the bumps on the brain?

Answer 3

Gyrus

Question 4

What is the frontal lobe of the bone for?

Answer 4

decision making

Question 5

What lobe of the brain is for hearing?

Answer 5

temporal lobe

Question 6

The parietal lobe helps us to….

Answer 6

associate

Question 7

Where is the visual cortex located?

Answer 7

in the occipital lobe

Question 8

What makes up the brain stem?

Answer 8

pons and medulla which continues inferiorly to form teh spinal cord

Question 9

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 9

control movement and balance

Question 10

What are the two hemispheres of the brain separated by?

Answer 10

longitudinal fissure

Question 11

What allows communication between the two hemispheres?

Answer 11

corpus callosum

Question 12

What feature of the pterion makes it vulnerable to fracture?

Answer 12

it is the thinnest part of the skull

Question 13

What lies deep to the pterion which a fracture can damage?

Answer 13

middle meningeal artery

a fracture can tear this and cause an extra dural haemorrhage

Question 14

How does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?

Answer 14

foramen spinosum

Question 15

What is the protective layer covering the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 15

meninges

Question 16

What are the three layers of meninges

Answer 16

dura mater - outer periosteal layer and inner meningeal layer
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 17

Where is the middle meningeal artery found in relation to the dura mater?

Answer 17

between the inner and outer layers

Question 18

What supplies the dura mater?

Answer 18

CN V

Question 19

How is the flax cerebri/tentorium cerebelli formed?

Answer 19

when the inner meningeal dura matter folds in on itself

Question 20

How are dural venous sinus formed?

Answer 20

when the inner meningeal layer separates form the periosteal layer, these are the channels of venous blood flow

Question 21

How many ventricles does the brain have?

Answer 21

4 - 2 lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

Question 22

What is the function of suparachnoid space?

Answer 22

space in which the CSF flows that contains arachnoid granules?

Question 23

What is the feature in the subarachoid space which resorbs CSF?

Answer 23

arachnoid granules

Question 24

When does the spinal cord and subarachnoid space end?

Answer 24

spinal cord - L2

subarachnoid space - S2

Question 25

What is excessive production or inadequate drainage of CFS?

Answer 25

Hydrocephaly

Question 26

What is a lumbar puncture to sample CSF in the suspected case of Meningitis?

Answer 26

Spinal tap?

Question 27

Describe the features of extra dural bleeding?

Answer 27

• between the bone and dura
• middle meningeal artery
• trauma to pterion

Question 28

Describe the features of sub dural bleeding

Answer 28

• separates dura form the arachnoid
• cerebral veins
• falls in elderly/those with alcohol problems

Question 29

Describe the features of sub-arachnoid bleeding?

Answer 29

• into subarachnoid space where CSF is contained
• circle of willis
• congenital aneurysm

Question 30

What is meningitis?

Answer 30

inflammation in the brain caused by inflammation of meninges

Question 31

What is tumous in CN VIII

Answer 31

acoustic neuroma

Question 32

Describe the flow of venous blood via the dura sinuses

Answer 32

inferior sagittal sinus → straight sinus → confluence of sinuses → transverse sinus

superior sagittal sinus → confluence of sinuses → transverse sinus

cavernous sinus → superior petrosal sinus → transverse sinus

then all follow transverse sinus→ sigmoidal sinus → internal jugular foramen

Question 33

Descibe the circle of willis

Answer 33

the vertebral arteries enter the cavity via the foramen magnum where the anastome to form the basilar artery

this branches off to the posterior cerebral arteries (2)

the posterior communicating arteries (2)

2 middle cerebral arteries
2 internal carotid arteries

anterior cerebral arteries (2)

anterior communicating arteries (2)