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FF: cardio content > class two: pulmonary exam > Flashcards

class two: pulmonary exam Flashcards

1
Q

inspritaroy reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be forcible inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

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2
Q

expirapry reserve volume

A

how much air hat you can get out of your lungs after your normal tidal volume

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3
Q

what is reserve volume

A

the air the is left over in the lungs after expirtoary reserve volume is exhaled

always present in the lungs

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4
Q

what is tidal volume

A

500 ml

air inhaled during normal breathing

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5
Q

what is happening with COPD

A

the is chronic obstructive disorder

people do not have a issue getting air into the lungs but they have a hard time getting air out

this mean reserve volume increases

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6
Q

what is ispertaity capcity equal to

A

IRV + TV

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7
Q

what is vital capcity

A

the normal amount of air going in and out of lungs with normal breathing

IRV + TV + ERV

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8
Q

what is total lung capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

the max amount of air that can fill the lungs

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9
Q

what is functional res. cap.

A

RV + ERV

this increased with COPD because of the increase in RV

AIR IN THE LUNGS FOLLOWING TV

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10
Q

is asthma restrictive of obstructive

A

obstructive

the bronchioles get inflamed (muscus) and makes it hard to exhale

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11
Q

what happens to lungs volumes with restrictive diseases

A

everything decreases

forced expiratory volume remains normal

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12
Q

which lung volumes increases with obstructive lung diseases

A

TV, FRC, RV, TLC

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13
Q

what are some example of restrictive lug diseases

A

lung fibrosis, PNA, ankylosing spondylosis, hemothorax

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14
Q

what are some examples of obstructive lung disease

A

CBABE

COPD

bronchitis

asthmas

brochiestiesis

emphysema

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15
Q

what is pulmomary fibrosis

A

this is scaring of the lungs

occurs in older age from unknown eviromental cuases

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16
Q

for COPD what does the FEV1/FVC ratio have to be

A

<70%

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17
Q

FEV1 > 80% COPD

A

mild

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18
Q

FEV1 > 50% COPD

A

moderate

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19
Q

FEV1 > 30% COPD

A

severe

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20
Q

FEV1 <30% COPD

A

very severe

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21
Q

what are vesicular breath sounds

A

soft with low pitch

heard over most of the lung area

inspriation is longer the expiration

22
Q

what is the location of vesicular breath sounds

A

over most of the lungs

23
Q

what are broncho-vesicular lung sounds

A

intensity - intermediate
pitch - intermediate

inspiratory and expiration the same length

24
Q

what is the location of bronch vesciular breath sounds

A

between the first and secound anteriorly and between the shoulder blades

25
Q

what are brochial breath sounds

A

loud and high

expiratory is longer the inspiratory

26
Q

where are brochial breath sound heard

A

over the manubrium

27
Q

what are tracheal breath sounds

A

very loud and high

both inspiration and expiration are equal

28
Q

where are tracheal breath sounds heard

A

over the tracheal

29
Q

what is rhonchi

A

continuous low pitch rattling sound

often resemble snoring (the rhino snores)

30
Q

what kind of pt is rhonchi heard in

A

COPD, brochiectasis, PNA, chronic bronchitis, or CF

31
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

a chronic lung disease that causes the airways of the lungs to permanently widen, leading to a buildup of mucus and making the lungs more susceptible to infection

32
Q

what os wheeze lung sound

A

a high pitched sound often heard with expiration

if severe can be heard with inspiration as well

33
Q

what is wheeze lung sound caused by

A

airway obstruction ( COPD, asthma, or aspiration of a foreign body)

34
Q

what are crackles lung sounds

A

brief discontinuous popping sounds that are high pitched

can be heard in both phases

35
Q

what are pleural rub lungs sounds

A

Auscultation in the lower lateral chest areas it occurs with each
inspiration and expiration.

It can be an indication of pleural inflammation.

36
Q

what is brochophony

A

increased vocital resonence with greater clarity and loudness of spoken words

99

37
Q

what is Egophony:

A

A form of bronchophony in which the spoken long “E”
sounds changes to a long, nasal sounding “A”.

E > A

38
Q

what is Whispered pectoriloquy:

A

An increased loudness of whispering.
Recognition of whispered words “1, 2, 3”.

39
Q

when looking at voice sound what is indicated when they are off

A

indication of secreation and cosolidation in the lungs

clear sounds are abnormal

40
Q

what is Atelectasis

A

a condition that occurs when part or all of a lung collapses, resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.

41
Q

what is Pneumothorax

A

occurs when air accumulates in the space between the lung and chest wall.

This air can put pressure on the lung, causing it to collapse.

A pneumothorax can affect the entire lung or just a part of it

42
Q

what is the normal average for our blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

42
Q

PaCO2 should be around what

A

35-45

43
Q

HcO3 should be around what

A

22 -26

44
Q

PaCO2 what is considered acidic

A

> 45

45
Q

HCO3 what is considered acidic

A

<22

46
Q

what is respiratory acidosis

A

pH decreased

PaCO2 increase

HCO3 normal

47
Q

what is respiratory alkalosis

A

pH increase

PaCO2 decrease

HCO3 normal

48
Q

PaCO2 or HCO3 respirotry

A

PaCO2

49
Q

what is metabolic acidosis

A

pH decrease

PaCO2 normal

HCO3 decrease

50
Q

what is metabolic alkylosis

A

pH increase

PaCO2 normal

HCO3 increase

51
Q

ROME

A

respiratory - CO2 does the opposite to pH

metabolic - HCO3 does the equal (same) as pH

FF: cardio content (11 decks)

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