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FF: cardio content > class 3: integumentary > Flashcards

class 3: integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ in the body

A

the skin

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2
Q

what is the primary function of the skin

A

Protection, insulation, holding organs together, sensory, fluid
balance, temperature control, absorbing UV radiation,
metabolizing vitamin D, and synthesizing epidermal lipids

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3
Q

what are the three layer of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

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4
Q

what are the cells found in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, Basal Cells

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5
Q

what are the cells found in the dermis

A

Collagen, Reticulum, Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Lymphatic Glands,
Blood Vessels, Nerve Fibers

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6
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Detect light touch and texture

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7
Q

Merkel Disks

A

Detect light touch, texture and pressure

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8
Q

Ruffini Endings

A

Detect warmth, stretch, deformation

within joints

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9
Q

Free Nerve Endings

A

Detect pain, temperature, touch, pressure,

tickle and itch

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10
Q

Krause End Bulbs

A

Detect cold temperatures

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11
Q

what is Herpes Zoster

A

a painful skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox

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12
Q

what are the initial symptoms of hepres zoster

A

pain and paresthesia localized to the affected dermatome

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13
Q

what are the sym associated with hepres zoster

A

*Present as painful rash with clusters of fluid filled
vesicles

*Raised to palpation (< 2 mm height)

*Pink with silvery white appearance

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14
Q

is hepres zoster uni or bilateral normally

A

unilateral

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15
Q

what is Venous insufficiency:

A

Refers to inadequate drainage of venous blood from a body part,
usually resulting in edema and/or skin abnormalities and
ulcerations.

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16
Q

what is Arterial insufficiency:

A

Refers to a lack of adequate blood flow to a region of the body.

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17
Q

Venous Insufficiency - clinical presentation location

A

Proximal to the medial malleolus

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18
Q

Venous Insufficiency - clinical presentation apperance

A

*Irregular, shallow appearance

  • Flaking, brownish discoloration-
    Hemosiderin staining
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19
Q

Venous Insufficiency - clinical presentation pain

A
  • Mild to moderate pain
  • Elevation decrease pain
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20
Q

Arterial insufficiency - clinical presentation location

A

Lower 1/3 of leg, toe, dorsum of
foot, lateral malleolus

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21
Q

Arterial insufficiency - clinical presentation apperance

A

Smooth edges, well defined, tend to
be deep

Thin and shiny, hair loss, yellow
nails

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22
Q

Arterial insufficiency - clinical presentation pain

A
  • Severe pain

elevation increases the pain

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23
Q

is Intermittent claudication see with Venous Insufficiency or Arterial insufficiency

A

Arterial insufficiency

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24
Q

where are pressure injuries located

A

over bony pressure areas and

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25
Q

Stage 1 - pressure ulcer

A

Intact skin with non-blanchable redness

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26
Q

stage 2 - pressure ulcer

A

partial thickness wound. Superficial in nature with pink/red wound
bed (shallow crater)

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27
Q

stage 3 - pressure ulcer

A

full thickness wound. Subcutaneous fat tissue visible but no bone,
tendon and muscle exposed (deep crater)

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28
Q

stage 4 - pressure ulcer

A

full thickness with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Undermining and
tunneling with slough/eschar present.

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29
Q

unstagable - pressure ulcer

A

wound bed covered with slough/eschar (unable to identify the
depth)

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30
Q

deep tissue injury - pressure ulcer

A

Intact skin purple maroon appearance

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31
Q

where are Diabetic ulcers located

A

are generally located on the
weight-bearing surface of the foot.

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32
Q

where are Venous insufficiency ulcers

A

frequently are proximal to the medial malleolus.

They are edematous.

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33
Q

what is edematous.

A

abnormally swollen with fluid, or relating to or affected with edema.

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34
Q

where are Arterial ulcers

A

are generally located on
lateral malleolus, distal toes, or areas of trauma.

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35
Q

what are Pressure ulcers due to

A

are the result of unrelieved
external pressure on an area.

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36
Q

how do we measure a wound

A

Length x width x depth using a disposable ruler

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37
Q

what can used to detect the depth of the wound

A

A disposable cotton swab can be used to assess thedepth

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38
Q

what is Granulation tissue

A
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39
Q

with herpes zoster what CN are effected

A

CN 3 - oculomotor

CN 5 - trigeminal

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40
Q

what are the precaution to be taken when some has herpes zoster

A

airborne and contact precautions

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41
Q

what are airborne precautions

A

apply to patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.

N95 and wash hands

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42
Q

what are contact precautions

A

gloves, gown, and wash hands

43
Q

what is Necrotic tissue

A

dead or dying tissue that can no longer function normally

44
Q

what are the two words used to describe the edge of the wound

A

indurated - harder, thin or thick

epibole - rolled

45
Q

what is cellulitis

A

bacterial infection that affects the skin’s deeper layers and underlying tissue

46
Q

what is the apperance of cellulitis

A

Redness, swelling, pain, tenderness, warmth, and a rash that may blister and scab over

47
Q

what is the Periwound:

A

the surrounding of the wound

48
Q

what is dermititis

A

inflammation of the skin

sometime we see bislters

49
Q

what is the mode of tranmission for herpes zoster

A

airborne

50
Q

what is herpes simplex 1

A

fever blister/cold sore

mostly spreads by oral contact and causes infections in or around the mouth (oral herpes or cold sores)

contact precautions

51
Q

what is herpes simplex 2

A

normally effects in the genital area

contact precaution - spread via contact

52
Q

what precaution do we use for dermitisis

A

contact precautions

53
Q

what is Maceration 2/2

A

If a wound is too moist, the edges and periwound will become macerated

Inappropriate wound care, uncontrolled wound drainage,
perspiration, or incontinence

54
Q

what is Maceration

A

A condition that occurs when skin softens and breaks down due to prolonged exposure to moisture.

too long in the bath

55
Q

what is pustules

A

mall, inflamed, pus-filled blisters that can appear on the skin. there is pus inside the

acne, small pox

56
Q

what is vesicles on skin

A

small, fluid-filled blisters that can appear on the skin.

chicken pox
< .5

57
Q

what are wheals

A

raised, red, itchy bumps that are a common symptom of hives, or urticaria

splotchy

58
Q

what does Maceration look like

A

It is identified as white, friable, overhydrated, and sometimes
wrinkled skin

59
Q

what is the size of a blister

A

<.5 cm

60
Q

what is a blister called if it is greater then .5 cm

A

bullae

found on the skin or to air-filled cavities in the lungs

61
Q

what is Desiccation

A

the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.

62
Q

what cause Desiccation

A

If a wound lacks moisture, the wound and periwound will become dessicated

Inappropriate wound care, inadequate moisture, infection,
dehydration.

63
Q

what does wound Desiccation look like

A

It is identified as cracked, with dry or flaky edges, and the tissue
within the wound bed may be hard or crusty.

64
Q

Debridement - selective what is being removed

A

Removal of only nonviable tissues from a wound

65
Q

what are the three types of Debridement - selective

A

Sharp debridement:

Enzymatic debridement:

Autolytic debridement:

66
Q

what is hyperkeratosis

A

a condition that causes thick, rough patches of skin

think of the bottom of your feet

67
Q

what is used for Sharp debridement:

A

Use of scalpel, scissors, forceps

68
Q

what is used for Enzymatic debridement:

A

Use of a topical application of enzymes

69
Q

what are used for Autolytic debridement:

A

Use of the body’s own mechanism to remove nonviable tissue

a natural process that breaks down dead tissue at a wound site using the body’s own enzymes and cell

70
Q

what is Nonselective Debridement

A

Removal of both nonviable and viable tissues from a wound

71
Q

what is the claudication scale numbers

A

1-4

72
Q

claudication scale 1

A

discomfort or pain only at modest levels

73
Q

claudication scale 2

A

moderate discomfort where the pt can be distracted from the pain

74
Q

claudication scale 3

A

intense pain, attention cannot be diverted

75
Q

claudication scale 4

A

unberable pain

76
Q

what are Nonselective Debridement methods

A

Wet to dry dressings:

Wound irrigation:

Hydrotherapy:

77
Q

what is the intervention for cluadication PT

A

intermittent waking program

walk until grade three - intense pain
then make the pt rest until the pain goes away and then walk again

40-60 min of walking

78
Q

what are Wet to dry dressings:

A

Application of a moistened gauze over area of necrotic tissue
to be completely dried and removed

79
Q

what is Wound irrigation:

A

Moves necrotic tissue from wound bed using pressurized fluid

80
Q

what is Hydrotherapy:

A

Using a whirlpool with agitation directed toward a wound requiring
debridement

81
Q

Very mild exudate - example

A

Transparent films

82
Q

Minimal exudate - example

A

Hydrogel dressing, Hydrocolloid

83
Q

Moderate exudate: example

A

Foams

84
Q

what stage do we start to see slough in pressure wounds

A

stage 3 onwards

85
Q

stage 3 pressure wound strtucture

A

fat

86
Q

stage 4 pressure wound structure

A

bone, muscle tendons

87
Q

Heavy exudate: examples

A

Calcium alginates, Hydrofiber (max capacity)

88
Q

what stage of pressure ulcer do we see underminding and tunneling

A

stage 4

89
Q

what do we use on infected wounds

A

Hydrofiber, Hydrogels, Calcium alginates, and Gauze

90
Q

what do we do with red wounds

A

cover the wound

keep it dry and clean

use a transparent dressing over gauze moistened with saline

or use hydrogel, hydrocolloid, or foam or protect the wounds

91
Q

what do we do with yellow wounds

A

clean the wound and remove the yellow layer

cover the wounds with hydrogel, foam, or moist gauze with or without debribing enzyme

also consider hydrotherapy with whirl pool or pulselavage

92
Q

can pressure ulcer be backstages

A

No, a pressure ulcer cannot be back-staged or reverse staged once it has been staged

it is like a name is cannot be changed

93
Q

what is the braden scale

A

a tool used to assess a patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers, or sores,

94
Q

what is the norton scale

A

a tool used to assess a patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers

95
Q

what is the gosnell scale

A

a tool used to assess the risk of developing pressure ulcers in people over 65, especially those living in extended care

96
Q

what do we do with black wounds

A

debribe the wound - conservative sharp debridement, or hydrotherapy, enzyme product

for wound with inadqueate blood supply and non-infected do not debribe - keep nice and dry

97
Q

what is the wagner classification

A

grading system for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that assesses the depth of the ulcer and the presence of gangrene or osteomyelitis

0-5

98
Q

when are povidone-iodine solution used

A

surgical site infection

99
Q

when znic oxide used

A

from skin disorders

100
Q

when is nitrofurazone solution used

A

for treating burns

101
Q

how do we decide between selective and non-selective wound care

A

sometimes 50%

102
Q

what is Hypertrophic scar:

A

Hypertrophic scarring
would describe a healed wound with thick
fibrous tissue that remains within the
original wound border

103
Q

what is a Normal scar look like

A

Flat and similar to skin color

104
Q
A

FF: cardio content (11 decks)

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