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FF: cardio content > class 6: other systems 2 > Flashcards

class 6: other systems 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what position do we avoid in pregnancy

A

Avoid supine hypotensive syndrome

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2
Q

what is the average weight gain in pregnancy

A

25-35 lbs. essential for baby’s nourishment.

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3
Q

what sidelying do we like

A

left side lying

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4
Q

Postural changes: preg

A

Forward head, kyphosis, increased lordosis, anterior pelvic tilt

Postural stress continues even postpartum due to lifting and
carrying of baby

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5
Q

do you go to the bathroom more then 8 times a day - what kind of incontinence if yes

A

urge

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6
Q

treatment for Postural changes seen with preg

A

Postural education, stretching of tight muscles and strengthening of
weaker ones, pelvic stabilization exercises, pelvic tilts

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7
Q

BP throughout preg

A

in first and second trimester and increases in the last trimester

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8
Q

Supine-lying and preg

A

can cause compression of inferior vena cava (after 4th month).

This declines cardiac output and may cause supine hypotensive syndrome

(No supine lying after 1st trimester)

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9
Q

Resting HR increases by what in preg

A

increases by 10-20 beats/min.

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10
Q

Left side-lying - preg

A

is considered the best as it decreases compression
of inferior vena cava, maximizes cardiac output, decreases GERD
as internal organs are relaxed and improves maternal and fetal
circulation

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11
Q

what happens to the ligaments in preg

A

they get more lax because of the hormone relaxin

therefore in PT intervention we have avoid hyper extension

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12
Q

what is Preeclampsia

A

Pregnancy induced acute hypertension after the 20th week of
gestation

Increase in protein in urine, hyperreflexia, edema, headache,
sudden weight gain seen

It is an emergency!

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13
Q

what is the BP reading for Preeclampsia

A

A blood pressure reading more than 140/90 mm Hg.

Second abnormal blood pressure reading four hours after the first
confirms the diagnosis

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14
Q

what is the max time a preg person should lie in supine

A

5 mins

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15
Q

Vaginal bleeding -preg

A

Contraindications to Exercise

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16
Q

what is Placenta previa after 26 weeks gestation:

A

placenta is located on the uterus position in which it may
detach before the baby is delivered

Contraindications to Exercise

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17
Q

what happens to CO and blood volume during preg

A

both increase

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18
Q

exercise and Maternal type I diabetes

A

Contraindications to Exercise

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19
Q

Treatment for Diastasis Recti

A

head left

head lift with PPT

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20
Q

Treatment for Diastasis Recti - head lift

A

Patient is in hook-lying position and crosses arms around the stomach area for support.

Have client exhale and lift only the head off the floor while at the same time, using her hands to gently approximate the rectus muscles toward midline, then lower the head slowly and relax

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21
Q

Treatment for Diastasis Recti - head lift and pelvic tilt

A

Patient is positioned in hook-lying. Arms are crossed over the diastasis for support as described in the “head lift” exercise.

Have patient slowly lift only the head off the floor while approximating the rectus muscles and performing a posterior pelvic tilt, then slowly lower the head and relax.

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22
Q

what is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Reflux of gastric content of the gastroduodenal
contents into the esophagus.

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23
Q

what are the sym of GERD

A
  • Heart Burn- 30 minutes after eating and at night lying down
  • Dysphagia
  • Sour Taste- from regurgitation of acids
  • Hoarseness of voice
  • Atypical pain of the head and neck
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24
Q

Complications seen with GERD

A
  • Aspiration pneumonia, asthma
  • Esophagitis
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25
Q

what is the treatment of GERD

A

Maintain upright positions

Eat meals at least 3-4 hours before sleep

Avoid supine- tends to straighten the esophagus

Sleep on left side preventing nocturnal reflex

Exercise must be completed 2-3 hours after eating or before meals

Avoid spicy, chocolate, fatty food, peppermint

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26
Q

when does preeclamsia occur

A

during preg in the third trimesters

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27
Q

what is gestiational DM

A

inc in blood glucose during preg

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28
Q

Mid-back/Scapula - referral pain

A

Esophagus, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas

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29
Q

what is eclampsia

A

a rare but serious medical emergency that causes seizures in pregnant or postpartum people

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30
Q

left Shoulder- referral pain

A

Heart, diaphragm, spleen, tail of
pancreas

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31
Q

right Shoulder- referral pain

A

Gallbladder, liver, head of
pancreas.

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32
Q

Pelvis/Low Back/Sacrum - referral pain

A

Colon, appendix, pelvic viscera

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33
Q

Pancoast Tumor (upper lung tumor):

A

Pain referred in C8-T2 nerve distribution “mimics TOS”, Pain top of
shoulder, Ipsilateral shoulder

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34
Q

what is ectopic preg

A

a pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube.

cause bleeding and pain

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35
Q

RUQ: pain pattern

A

Peptic ulcers, gallbladder
pathology, head of pancreas

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36
Q

RLQ: pain pattern

A

Appendix, Crohn’s disease

37
Q

LUQ: pain pattern

A

Tail of pancreas, spleen
pathology

38
Q

LLQ: pain pattern

A

Diverticulitis, ulcerative
colitis, IBS

39
Q

what is hiatal hernia

A

a condition where the upper part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest and abdomen

40
Q

where does a hiatal hernia pain refer to

A

causes shoulder pain.

41
Q

what is diatasis recti

A

the split of the rectus abd from the linea alba

42
Q

what is a femoral hernia

A

femoral hernia is a protrusion of a loop of the intestine through a weakened abdominal wall, located in the lower abdomen near the thigh.

43
Q

where do we see femoral hernia

A

lateral pelvic
wall pain and groin pain

44
Q

how do we diagnose diastasis recti

A

While lifting your upper body slightly, as if to do a crunch, use two fingers to gently push down into the center of your stomach just above your belly button, at your belly button, and just below.

If you feel more than two fingers-width of space between your abdominal muscles, you likely have diastasis recti.

45
Q

what is inguinal hernia

A

A condition in which soft tissue bulges through a weak point in the abdominal muscles

46
Q

diastasis recti - 3-4 cm treatment

A

abdominal bracing + headlifts

47
Q

inguinal hernia pain location

A

causes groin pain

48
Q

what is a Umbilical hernia

A

A condition in which the intestine protrudes through the abdominal muscles at the belly button.

49
Q

diastasis recti - >4 cm treatment

A

bracing and breathing exercises

50
Q

diastasis recti - >6 cm treatment

A

send them out to the dr to get checked

51
Q

Umbilical hernia pain location

A

causes pain around the umbilical ring in the mid to lower
abdomen

52
Q

what is Cholecystitis

A

Blockage or impaction of gallstones in the cystic duct resulting in inflammation of the gallbladder

53
Q

with Cholecystitis where do we see pain

A

Pain in right upper quadrant, radiating to the right
scapula

54
Q

sym of Cholecystitis

A

Nausea, vomiting, low grade fever

Pain increases with ingestion of fatty food

55
Q

what is the special test for Cholecystitis

A

Murphy’s Sign

56
Q

how do we do Murphy’s Sign

A

Palpate near right subcostal margin as patient takes a deep breath; if pain and tenderness is elicited during inspiration, the test is positive

57
Q

what are the two types of Peptic Ulcers

A

Gastric (Stomach) Ulcers

Duodenal Ulcers

58
Q

what is GERD 2/2

A

problem of the lower esophageal sphinter

this opens and allows for reflux

59
Q

what is Gastric (Stomach) Ulcers

A

Ulcerative lesions in the stomach caused by chronic use of NSAIDS, stress, anxiety, H. pylori bacteria

60
Q

when does pain increase in Gastric (Stomach) Ulcers

A

Pain increases with the presence of food due to acid secretion, pain after eating

61
Q

how do we relieve pain with Gastric (Stomach) Ulcers

A

Pain relieved with antacids, medically treating the H. pylori infection

62
Q

what is Duodenal Ulcers

A

Ulcerative lesions in the duodenum caused mainly by H. pylori infection

63
Q

what side should a pt with gerd sleep on

A

their left side to prevent nocturnal relfexia

this relaxes the GI organs

64
Q

when does pain increase for Duodenal Ulcers

A

Pain increases with absence of food, early mornings and in between meals

65
Q

when is pain releived with Duodenal Ulcers

A

Pain relieved by medically treating the H. pylori infection

66
Q

Pain is burning, cramping in epigastric area, can refered to where

A

the right shoulder

67
Q

peptic ulcer disease throw up

A

Coffee ground emesis and melena
(dark) tarry stools

68
Q

where is the referreed pain for prostate pain

A

low back pain

69
Q

what are the two types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

70
Q

ulcerative colitis effects what area

A

only the large instestine and the rectum

continuous lesion

71
Q

what are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A

rectal pain

bleeding

bloody stool with pus

fecal urgency

wieght loss

72
Q

what areas does Crohn’s disease effect

A

anywhere in the GI track

skip lesions

73
Q

Crohn’s disease sym

A

pain relieved with passing gas

abd pain

wt loss

74
Q

where do we see Crohn’s disease pain

A

RLQ

75
Q

where do we see ulcerative colitis pain

A

LLQ

76
Q

what is IBS

A

Spastic, nervous or irritable colon

a common digestive condition that affects the large intestine and causes discomfort and changes in bowel habits.

77
Q

what are the sym of IBS

A

̶Pain is relieved by defecation

̶Sharp cramps in the morning or after eating

̶Nausea, vomiting, bloating, foul breath, diarrhea

̶Symptoms disappear while sleeping

̶Ribbon like stools

78
Q

IBS causes

A

Emotional stress, anxiety, high fat, lactose foods

79
Q

where is IBS pain located

A

LLQ

80
Q

what is the treatment of IBS

A

Stress reduction, dietary modification, exercise

81
Q

what is kehr sign

A

pain referred to the left shoulder on gentle palpation of the abdomen when the patient is lying down with legs elevated.

It is classically associated with splenic rupture.

82
Q

what is Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Progression can lead to a swollen/gangrenous appendix

  • If perforated can lead to peritonitis
83
Q

what are the sym of Appendicitis

A

̶Pain in right lower quadrant, comes in waves progressing to steady

̶Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, elevated temperature, leukocytosis, fever

̶Tender at McBurney’s point, Rovsing’s sign for pain migration, Blumberg’s sign for rebound tenderness

84
Q

where is pain for Appendicitis

A

̶Pain in right lower quadrant

85
Q

where do we see hiatal hernia pain

A

the left shoulder

it is 2/2 a weakness of the diaphragm

86
Q

where is McBurney’s Point

A

on the abdomen, about 1.5–2 inches from the top of the right hip bone towards the navel

87
Q

what is Rovsing’s Sign

A

pain felt in the right lower abdomen upon palpation of the left side of the abdomen.

88
Q

what is blumberg sign

A

clinical sign that indicates pain when pressure is released from the abdomen, rather than when it’s applied.

It’s a sign of peritonitis, or inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the abdominal organs.

89
Q

where is referrede pain for the diaphram

A

L shoulder

FF: cardio content (11 decks)

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