class 12: bonus OS and NS Flashcards
Seizures - signs
- Aura
- Sudden unresponsiveness or loss of
consciousness - Muscle jerking or twitching
- Stiffening of muscles or loss of muscle
tone - Incontinence
what do we in the event of seizure
- Remove any nearby objects that could
cause injury, such as furniture, sharp
items, or hard surfaces - Gently turn the person onto their side
- Note the time when the seizure starts
and ends - If it lasts longer than 5 minutes, call
emergency services immediately
seizure - do we hold the person
Do not try to hold the person down or
stop their movements
seizure and mouth
Do not place any objects or your fingers
in the person’s mouth
Concussions - sign and sym
- Headache
- Nausea
- Balance problems
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Numbness or tingling
- Cognitive, emotional, and
sleep-related deficits
concussion - what should our immediate action be
- Stop activity immediately
- Monitor for any worsening symptoms.
- Consult a healthcare professional promptly
for a thorough evaluation, even if
symptoms seem mild
When to Seek Emergency Medical Help - concussion
- Loss of consciousness
- Repeated vomiting
- Severe headache
- Seizures
- Unequal pupil size
- Prolonged confusion
- Slurred speech
- Weakness or numbness
- Unusual behavior
- Difficulty waking Up
what are teh signs of dehydration - mild
Thirst and dry
mouth/lips
what are the signs of dehydration - moderate
Very dry mouth, cracked lips, headache,
sunken eyes, poor skin turgor,
and postural hypotension
what are the signs of dehydration - severe dehydration
Rapid and weak pulse, confusion, lethargy,
rapid breathing, seizures and
inability to urinate or cry
what should the response be to dehydration
- Identify symptoms early to
prevent worsening - Start by drinking water or oral
rehydration solutions - If the person is nauseous, have
them take small, frequent sips
rather than large amounts at
once - Severe cases may require
intravenous fluids
skin during heat stroke vs heat exhuastion
stroke - dry skin
exhaustion
pulse in heat stroke vs heat exhaustion
exhuastion - weak
stroke - strong and rapid
heat stroke vs heat exhaustion pupils
stroke : contrict and then dilate
exhuation: normal
what do we do when someone is experiencing heat exhaustion
- Hydrate with water or sports drinks. No alcohol.
- Move to a cooler, air-conditioned place
- If fully conscious, sip water
- Take a cool shower or use cold compresses
- Remove tight fitting clothing or extra layers
- If vomiting continues, seek medical attention
- Act quickly. Untreated heat exhaustion can
progress to heat stroke.
what do we do when someone is experiencing heat stroke
- Call 911. This is a medical emergency.
- Move the person to a cooler place
- Do not give fluids
Cancer: Early warning signs
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Lumps or swelling
- Changes in skin
- Persistent cough or hoarseness
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Difficulty swallowing
- Persistent pain
- Sores that don’t heal
Chemotherapy - how can drugs be given
Drugs can be given orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intrathecally.
Chemotherapy - side effects of drugs
Fatigue, GI tract symptoms, bone marrow
suppression leading to leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia,
skin rashes, phlebitis, neuropathies and hair loss.
Radiation therapy - function
To destroy cancer cells, inhibit their growth and division.
Can be given pre- or post-operatively.
Radiation therapy - side effects
Pain, fatigue, radiation sickness, burns, delayed wound healing, immunosuppression, ROM deficit around the
joints and neuropathy.
Immunotherapy - what is its function
To strengthen the ability to fight cancer cells using interferons, interlukins-2, and cytokinin.
Also includes bone marrow transplant and hormonal therapy.
Immunotherapy - side effects
Fatigue, weight loss or gain, fever, chills, nausea,
anorexia, fluid retention. GI tract symptoms, hot flashes,
steroid induced diabetes, muscle atrophy.
what is the most common symptoms seen amongst cancer patients
fatigue
Contraindications cancer - day of chemo
Day of Intravenous chemotherapy or within 24 hours of treatment
Contraindications cancer - platelet count
<10,000,
no therapeutic exercises/hold therapy
Contraindications cancer - WBC
<5000/mm3 with fever
Contraindications cancer - hemoglobin and hematocrit
<8 g/dl hemoglobin
hematocrit <25%
Contraindications cancer - bony metastasis,
Patient with significant bony metastasis,
Contraindications cancer - therma agents
Using thermal agents directly over the tumors, over the tissue exposed to
radiation therapy, desensitized area
what is Lyme disease
infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
Which transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks.
Lyme disease mostly effects what population
children
Lyme disease - Early Localized Stage
Erythema migrans (EM) rash
Flu-like symptoms:
what is Erythema migrans (EM) rash
This is the classic “bull’s-eye” rash that appears at the site of the tick bite.
red spot and gradually expands
what are the three stages of lymes disease
Early Localized Stage
Early Disseminated Stage
Late Disseminated Stage
how long does the Early Localized Stage last in lyme’s disease
(3-30 days after tick bite)
how long does the Early Disseminated Stage last in lyme’s disease
(days to weeks after bite):
how long does the Late Disseminated Stage last in lyme’s disease
(months to years after bite):
Early Disseminated Stage lyme’s presentation
Multiple EM rashes
Neurological symptoms - bells palsy, poor coordination
Cardiac symptoms: Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat.
Late Disseminated Stage lyme’s presentation
Severe joint pain and swelling:
Neurological issues - chronic pain
Time-based codes:
Billed based on the actual time spent providing a service
(e.g., Therapeutic exercises, therapeutic activities, and manual therapy)
Service-based codes:
Billed per service, regardless of the time spent
(e.g., Hot packs, unattended electrical stimulation)
1 unit
8-22
2 units
23-37
how much time does it take to get to the next unit
15 min
what is The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
IDEA is a federal law in the United States that ensures children with
disabilities are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
tailored to their individual needs.
what is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
make sure that people with disabilities
have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else.
ADA and PT
Accessibility of Facilities:
Non-Discrimination in Services:
Communication Accommodations:
Reasonable Modifications:
K-0
- No ability to ambulate or transfer safely with or without assistance.
- Wheelchair bound individual.
- Not eligible for prosthetic.
K-1
- Can perform transfers or ambulation on level surfaces at a fixed cadence.
- Household mobility.
- Single-axis ankle and knee joints.
K-2
- Can traverse low-level environmental barriers such as curbs, stairs, or uneven surfaces.
- Limited community mobility.
- Constant friction mechanism at knee and multi axial foot.
K-3
- Can use variable cadence and traverse most environmental barriers.
- Unlimited community mobility.
- Variable friction mechanism at knee and multi axial foot.
K-4
High-level ambulation skills, including running, and participation in sports.
Advanced microprocessor-controlled knees, dynamic response feet designed for high-performance activities.
