class 11: cardio bonus class Flashcards by VB VB

Asthma def

Is a condition in which your airways narrow, swell, and may produce extra mucus.

This can make breathing difficult and trigger
coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

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Chronic Bronchitis: def

Is inflammation (swelling) and irritation of the
bronchial tubes.

These tubes are the airways that carry air to and from the air sacs in your lungs. The irritation of the tubes causes mucus to build up.

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Emphysema: def

Is pathologically defined as an abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied
by the

destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis.

This process leads to reduced gas exchange, changes in airway dynamics that
impair expiratory airflow, and progressive air trapping.

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Pneumonia: def

Is an infection in one or both lungs.

causes inflammation of alveoli.

The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it
difficult to breathe.

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what causes PNA

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi cause it

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what is pleura

The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.

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what is Pleural Effusion:

Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the

build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.

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what is Pneumothorax:

collapsed lung.

occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall.

This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse.

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does Pneumothorax result in complete or partial collaspe of the lung

either

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Atelectasis: def

complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung.

tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become
deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid.

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when does Atelectasis normally occur

one of the most
common breathing (respiratory) complications after surgery.

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Fremitus: what is it

Refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest by palpation.

To assess for tactile fremitus, ask the patient to say “99” or “blue moon”.

While the patient is speaking, palpate the chest from one side to the
other.

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Percussion: what is it

Is an assessment technique which produces sounds by the examiner tapping on the patient’s chest wall.

Just as lightly tapping on a container with your hands produces various sounds, so tapping on the chest wall produces sounds based on the amount of air in the lungs.

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PNA - fremitus and percussion

F: increase

P: dull or decreased resonance

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pleural effusion - fremitus and percussion

F: decreased

P: decreased or flat resonance

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Pneumothorax - fremitus and percussion

F: decreased

P: hyperrossance or typmatic

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atelectasis - fremitus and percussion

F: absent

P: flat resonance

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Chronic bronchitis - fremitus and percussion

F: decreased

P: resonant

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asthma - fremitus and percussion

F: normal to decreased

P: resonant or hyperresonant

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emyphasema - fremitus and percussion

F: decreased

P: hyper resonant or tympanic

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what is the disease that we have increased tactile fremitus

PNA

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what disease is tactile fremitus absent

atelectasis

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what disease do we find dull or flat resonance

Pneumonia

Pleural Effusion

Atelectasis

what disease do find hyperresonant or tympanic

Pneumothorax

Chronic Bronchitis

Asthma

Emphysema

hand placement -child CPR

2 hands or 1 hand (optional for very small child) on the lower half of the sternum

hand placement - infant

* 1 rescuer: 2 fingers in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line * 2 or more rescuers: 2 thumb encircling hands in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line

chest recoil during CPR

Allow full recoil of chest after each compression; do not lean on the chest after each compression

compression depth - child

* At least one third AP diameter of chest * About 2 inches (5 cm)

compression depth - infant

* At least one third AP diameter of chest * About 11⁄2 inches (4 cm)

Diabetic patients: FITT

3-7days/week for at least 150 min/week up to 300 min/week. Initially 40-60% VO2 and then progress to 75% VO2 . Aerobic type of exercises

Metabolic syndrome and Obesity: how long should the work out be for weight loss

For weight loss 60-90 minutes.

Elderly: FITT days a weak and effort

5 days/week for Moderate Intensity activities, 3 days/week for vigorous Intensity activities.

For pregnancy, cancer what is the RPE

RPE is 11-13.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - what is it

formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein,

DVT most common in what body part

legs

what is the complication we want to avoid with a DVT

PE - hallmark signs

sudden onset of shortness of breath (dyspnea) rapid and shallow breathing (tachypnea).

DVT - signs

swelling in the lower extremities anxiety fever excessive sweating (diaphoresis) a cough blood in the sputum (hemoptysis).

what is the criteria we use to assess for a DVT

wells

what score on well indicates high likelihood fo DVT

>/= 2

Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm (AAA)

Pulsating feeling in the abdomen, abdominal bulge 911

Appendicitis

Tenderness at McBurney’s point, RLQ pain, mild fever 911

Acute Compartment Syndrome

6 ‘P’s: Pain, Palpable tenderness, Paresthesia, Pallor, Paresis Pulselessness 911

what is Paresis

a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness 911

Myocardial Ischemia / Cardiac Arrest

Arrest Left neck and jaw pain along with chest pain 911

Cauda Equina

Saddle anesthesia, loss of bowel bladder function, urine retention, lower extremity weakness 911

Anaphylaxis (Allergic Reaction)

Sudden hives, itching, shortness of breath, rapid or weak pulse 911

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Excessive thirst, confusion and difficulty concentrating and fruity odor in breath hot and dry = sugar high 911

Heat Stroke

High Body Temperature (>104°F), Altered Mental Status (confusion, disorientation, loss of consciousness), Hot, Dry Skin, Tachycardia, Headache 911

what is the main differnce between asthma and acute bronchitis

asthma - acute episodic condiotn chronic brochitis - chronic condition

how long does it have to be to be considered chronic broch

3 month cough for 2 years

frematus and air

with more air there is less fremitus

how do we recognize cardiac arrest

* Check for responsiveness * No breathing or only gasping (e.g. no normal breathing) * No definite pulse felt within 10 seconds * (Breathing and pulse check can be performed simultaneously in less than 10 seconds)

how do we calculate HR max from VO2 max

VO2 max + 10 = HR max%

for a weight loss program how many day a week

5 days a week

What is a semi-fowler position?

a supine position in which an individual lies on their back on a bed, with the head of the bed elevated between 30-45 degrees, and the legs of the patient can be either straight or bent at the knees